Can you help me in getting a recent published references state how the occurrence of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) differ according to gender?
Article Sex Differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mechanisms
Overall, women smokers are about 50% more likely to develop COPD than men. Furthermore, women with severe COPD have a higher risk of hospitalization and death from respiratory failure and comorbidities (5). The histological pattern of COPD differs in women with relatively less emphysema (and with smaller hole size) and more small airway disease (with smaller lumen size and thicker airway walls) than in men, at least in severe disease (6). The greater prevalence of emphysema in men compared with women is confirmed by computerized tomography (7). Interestingly, COPD associated with indoor air pollution also shows more small airway disease than emphysema compared with that seen cigarette smokers, which may reflect the predominance of women with this risk facto