Which one is the end product? If the glycolytic pathway is upregulated, there should be more pyruvate present. If lactate levels are increased in a cell, does that mean that the glycolytic pathway is upregulated or downregulated?
The final product of glucose metabolism depends upon whether Oxygen is available or not.
In the aerobic state, pyruvate is the final product, whereas lactate is the final product in the anaerobic state.
References
https://microbenotes.com/end-products-glycolysis-fate-pyruvate/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/glycolysis
Increased lactate means that glycolysis is occurring under anaerobic conditions.
The pathway is unregulated or down regulated by the relative abundance of Amp and atp, which act as allostric regulators of phosphofructokinas3, the 3rd step in glycolysis. Under anaerobic conditions, the atp levels go down ...no oxidation of coenzyme in the ect so you are producing only 2 rather than 38 atp molecules, consequently Amp builds up in 5he cell and Jack's up glycolysis
glucose and ADP are the main regulators of pyrovat synthesis. and lactate upregulation depend on anaerobic condition and o2 level
Your question is very comprehensive. Any changes which you observed could be examined macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular. If your observed effects are metabolic changes, you can measure some specific genes and proteins using two normal and treated groups, and biological and technical repetitions will bring you closer to the answer.
your treatment might have been influenced specific pathways. therefore, you need to detect endpoint markers in your investigation
Hello Fa Ro
Traditionally, pyruvate has been thought to be the end product of glycolysis when oxygen is present and lactate the end product during periods of dysoxia.
Oxygen is not limiting to oxidative phosphorylation under most cellular conditions, and lactate is indeed produced even when there is no limitation on the rate of oxygen delivery to mitochondria. Further reflection on the activity of the LDH enzyme and the equilibrium constant of its reaction advance the proposition that lactate is the primary end product of glycolysis under most, if not all metabolic conditions in most cells.
The role of the different LDH isozymes in metabolism and their exact function still remains to be investigated.
For more information on this subject you may refer to the article attached below.
Article Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
As mentioned in the article:
Given the near-equilibrium nature of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and that LDH has a much higher activity than the putative regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic and oxidative pathways, we contend that lactate is always the end product of glycolysis.
Best.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Biological Science
- Molecular Cell Biology
- Culture Cells
- Cell Line