Dear Asaad Hamid Ismail ,
what do you mean by 'directly'?
In terms of temperature change of the body?
Let us do just a few simple calculations based on simple assumptions:
Energy dose for example 1 Gy=1J/kg; that is admittedly very much.
Body tissue is mainly water, so we have the heat capacity of cp =1cal/(g*K);
So we need for 1K temperatur increase 1cal/g of energy dose.
Energy conversion: 1J ~0,24cal.
So 1 Gy= 1J/kg= 0,24cal/(1000g)= 0,24*10-3cal/g;
giving rise to 0,24*10-3K =0,24mK in temperature rise.
Most medical doses are in the range mGy;
so 1mGy will give for example about 0,24µK in temperature rise.
So one has to have a temperature measurement system, which has at least a temperature resolution of 0,1µK or even better.
In general the dose is admistered over time and the blood circulation of the body will quickly equalize any small temperature change; so to my opinion there is no chance for 'direct' dose measurement via temperature.
Best regards
G.M.
Deep thanks Gerhard Martens
I mean radioactive dose (such as K40 from teeth) , when I say directly I mean measurement y a device NOT calculation. Thanks for your interesting comments
The best
Asaad
Direct measurement of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides can be done with whole body counting. There is also biodosimetric approach, such as by looking at chromosome aberrations, DNA damage, gene expression, or electron paramagnetic/spin resonance (EPR/ESR) for teeth and nail.
Dear Asaad Hamid Ismail ,
thanks for feed back on what you meant.
In addition to the hints given by Nobuyuki Hamada ,
please see for example the following links:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649772/
Article Measurement of absorbed doses from X-ray baggage examination...
For in vivo tooth measurement please have a look at:
Article In vivo EPR tooth dosimetry for triage after a radiation eve...
It depends, if you refers to a person who incorporated some radioactive material or were exposed to a radioactive source.
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