To the best of my knowledge, we can't identify using HR-TEM. Dopant will only cause slight change in the lattice spacing of the material. Specially at such low concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5%. Better tool would be XRD to study this change. Either using refinement or by manually calculating the lattice spacing. Also, to see the effect of doping on parent material, it would be better to calculate lattice parameters a, b, c. Depending on the phase of the parent material such as cubic, tetragonal etc., one can easily calculate the lattice parameters. With the change in the doping percentage and corresponding change in the lattice parameters, we can properly see the change in the lattice of the parent material.

Ideally, there will be a change in the HR-TEM spacings with the doping. However, due to the very small doping levels, the deviation may not be that clear to exactly define the lattice spacing changes. It may be considered as a qualitative proof of change in lattice spacing. But the exact values may better calculating from the peak position changes in the XRD. While calculating the lattice parameters using XRD, use the proper equations corresponding to the crystal structure rather than the generalized formula.

Thank you Tarun Kumar Dhiman and Mewin Vincent for the informations.

Hi Rajalakshmi Rajendran

To check the structural modification please do the XRD study. XRD results will give you an idea about any kind of change and based on that data the HR-TEM results will help you to find out the lattice fringes and spacing. I can suggest this from my side.

Regards

3-5% is rather too much to call it doping. Yes, it is possible to determine the local lattice spacing in good quality HR-TEM but most of people prefer to use XRD where much large sampling volumes atre involved and uniformity of lattice constant can be evaluated at the same time.