To avoid environmental pollution and health damage, alternatives to chemical fertilizers have begun. Is it compensated for high production, or is good quality sufficient?
It is very possible. The use organic compounds through thermophilic and mesophilic process. This is an integrated activities of earthworm with waste which has been proven by scientists to be a replacement for chemical fertilizer. This is often called vermicompost. The practice of crop rotation is another feasible means to replace chemical fertilizer. Rotating leguminous crop with cereal or tuber crop. You can also do away with chemical fertilizer by planting covered crop. Covered crop provide rejuvenation for nutrient in the soil. Similar, the use animal dropping cattle, chicken and sometimes human provided it' is treated before use. Fallow system can also be adopted. Allowing the land to fallow after a long time. This is a process of allowing the plant and weeds to grow on a piece land for a period one or two years. This can be where agricultural land is readily available. Pastoral practice may also be helpful.
Genetic and breeding technology is a key development. The use of bacteria and innoculation techquies has been found helpful in our modern era. Chemical fertilizer is detrimental to human in the ecosystem. The use of chemical fertilizer should be minimal if need be.
Yes it is possible but the key is the scale of the project. Farmers growing field crops can partner with dairy farmers to spread raw manure on crop fields. However, it is better to compost this material to stabilize the nitrogen content, reduce pathogens and to add bulk to improve soil texture. The difficulty is space. This composting process requires a large amount of land, a concrete pad, a system to control and recycle polluted runoff water and a system to turn or mix the compost to make it uniformly aerobic. Animal manure needs to be mixed with plant residues and then composted for 10 days to 2 weeks. Water needs to be added to keep temperatures high. Specialized machinery then needs to be used to spread this compost on crop land. This compost then needs to be disked or plowed into the soil for best results. It can be done but this requires investments in infrastructure and a willingness to learn to optimize each individual system. Small scale operations are simpler but require the same dedication to the concept..
Yes you are right but the use poultry waste and animal in the right proportion yield highest. Treaed human waste give highest yield. The use of genetic breeding and engineering gives highest yield. They don't give yiield if not properly applied in the right proportion.