I am working on Channa punctatus collected from one site and now want to calculate the metal pollution index (Cu, Ni, Fe, Co), so please tell me is it feasible to calculate MPI in different organs (gills, liver, kidney, muscle and integument) of the fish? If not than what other parameters can I take?
Well, this is something I started to examine! There are a lot of different MPI. Maybe attached manuscript can help you. Best regards!
What d you mean by "Metal Pollution Index"? Different organs will have different concentrations of metals, depending on the metal and route of exposure. Thus, it is very likely that you will get different values for the index for different tissues. If this is relevant to you, I don't know.
You may be able to measure concentration of each individual metal in a gram of tissue and also concentration of that metal in ambient water in ug/l and calculate the final concentration as bioconcentration factor (BF).
Yes, you can calculate MPI for each individual metal in different tissues. But I think it is really pretty simple that you calculate Bioconcentration Factor (BF or BCF) if you want to predict tissue burden for each chemical.There is a logarithmic equation as a corrected BF as well.
Please look at following papers, I think it can be helpful.
http://Malekpouri P., Moshtaghie A.A., Hosseini R., Ebrahimi E. (2011). Short and Long-Term Effects of Waterborne Cadmium on Growth and Its Muscle Accumulation in Common Carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.), an experimental study. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11(4): 607-613. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v11_4_12.
Other paper might be helpful!
Taylor, D. 1983. The significance of the accumulation of cadmium by aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 7: 33–42.
The liver , gills , kidney , muscle and bones of fish can give you a fine detail of the heavy metal pollution with reference to water metal pollution index concentration . This will give you fine information about the bio accumulation of the heavy metal ions in fish with reference to water.
Various metals show different affinity to different fish tissues. Most of them accumulate mainly in liver, kidney and gills. Fish muscles, comparing to the other tissues, usually contain the lowest levels of metals. So you need to consider this while conducting your experiment.
There's a lot of answers to your question. Or rather a lot of questions. The relevance of your measurements depends a lot on the site conditions and on the biology of the species. I don(t know the biology of Channa, but is it a relatively sedentary fish or is it migrating? This goes to how relevant site measurements are for your results. Does it feed in the water column or is it more feeding from the sediment? Is the site stable? Or is their a lot of seasonal variation in pollution but also in physico-chemistry (this determines bioavailability of the metals). IS the metal pollution mainly sediment driven or is there a constant inflow by the water column?
Anyhow, as you probably know, different metals will accumulate in a different way in different organs. And it is not because it is taken up by the fish that it is toxic (bioavailability, detoxification, excretion, ....)
channa is not migratory fish, it is a coulmn feeder and carnivore and is stable fish. I am not concerned with seasonal variations. the pollution is from constant inflow. Tell me is it feasible to work with bioconcentration factor and metal pollution index in individual organ? and what will i deduce from both the parameters?
You can use BCF for one species, one organ. It will tell you how the water column concentration relates to the internal concentration in that organ and vice versa. This might however not give you the resolution you want. Imagine one of your metals in a certain species being mainly allocated to a certain target organ, while another metal is not. Another consideration is the intended use. If you plan on using BCF as a means to calculate (low) water concentrations from measurements in fish tissue, the sample size becomes a factor, e.g. liver size to get enough material for measuring.
Metal pollution index is mainly a way to simplify data, it will condense several different concentrations of metals with different toxicity for different fish species into one number. It can be handy in some situations, yet it condenses data and hence lowers resolution of the data set.
Also remember that (as in my previous answer), in its straightforward common practice use, BCF in fact reflects a chemical property (although biologically driven), it is not a measure of toxicity.
Yes you can, especially if the Mass weighted is inferior to the required to perform the test. Some papers with small rodents like Mus Musculus use diferent organs, but they group them by exposure indexes and thus calculate efectively the amount of metalls.
Search for Amaral et al 2006 - metal acumullation ... mus musculus... in Isi Web of Knowledge and you'll see that He grouped Lungs, kidneys and liver of diferent exposure mice to measure heavy metal acumullation.
Cheers
i think it is better to determination accumulation of heavy metals in at least two seasons for example a warm season and a cold season like summer and winter. some study shown that accumulation of heavy metals in summer is higher than winter is some cases.
I agree with Ardavan. If you really want to do it properly, you also need to take into account the influence of hormonal changes and sex (breeding season?). Basically it all depends on what you really want to know.
changes in environmental factors such as temperature has effect on accumulation of heavy metals (Jezierska, B. and Witeska, M. 2001. Metal toxicity to fish. University of Podlasia. Monographic, No. 42)
Mance, G. 1987. Pollution threat of heavy Metals in Aquatic Environment. Elsevier Applied Sciences, London and NewYork, 363P. (in Mance, 1987 fish were exposed to heavy metals in different temperature, that study shown that accumulation of heavy metals in high temperature increase)
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