One of the methods to determine the local interface strength is to conduct a delamination test and measure the debond energy release rate, Gc. Following references give details about the testing procedure.
1. Ranjana Shivakumar, Sasi Kumar Tippabhotla, Vincent Adhi Handara, Gregoria Illya, Andrew A.O. Tay, Fernando Novoa, Reinhold H. Dauskardt, Arief Suriadi Budiman, Fracture Mechanics and Testing of Interface Adhesion Strength in Multilayered Structures – Application in Advanced Solar PV Materials and Technology, In Procedia Engineering, Volume 139, 2016, Pages 47-55, ISSN 1877-7058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.232.
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First, you must mix the composite mixture with a mixer homogenously during the curing process. As far as I know, you could not measure the internal quality of the mixture during curing explicitly, but you guarantee the quality of the process. As a result you can get quality products.
For checking the quality of interface; one of the method is using acoustic emission technique. Higher emissions point to bad quality and less emission point towards good quality. One may calibrate accordingly.