A sample paper that uses a number of assays (spectrophotometric), HPLC-and GCMS- based analysis for a wide range of compounds responsible for bitterness: Article Analysis of polyphenols, phytosterols, and bitter principles...
. The first step is to freeze the samples to arrest chemical changes that are associated with fruit ripening and deterioration. Then freeze dry and grind the samples into a fine powder for further processing and analysis.