The average size of nanoparticles would generally increase with increasing the hydrothermal durations, until all the reactive species have been consumed. However, the size of certain nanoparticles may increase further due to Ostwald ripening effect, depending on system under observation.
If you leave the synthesized material in autoclave for one day at room temperature then it will not increase the no of particles. However, it may cause some agglomeration, particle size enlargement and possibly change in particle morphology.
You may refer to our paper on in situ hydrothermal crystallization of TiO2 nanoparticle further understanding.
If you keep the synthesized material in the autoclave at certain fixed temperature for longer duration then particle size might increase, depending on the molar ratio of the reactive species. also crystallinity of your material can also increase. In general, hydrothermal synthesis time varies between 24 hours to few days depending on the system.