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I recommend you to provide some additional information for your questions, as it would be much more easier to share the answers.
As for your questions, you may find multiple answers there:
Chapter Bionanoparticles: Synthesis and antimicrobial applications
https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1007/978-3-030-13296-5
https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2014-7-3-5
https://web.s.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=78f77ff9-5c67-4267-9367-8b3553b558f2%40redis&bdata=Jmxhbmc9cGwmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#AN=132447064&db=asn
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https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/12/2013/pdf
Article ZnO nanoparticles prepared via a green synthesis approach: P...
http://ijc.iaush.ac.ir/article_689547_0313d1a492d8eaaf1cb2115343c5a242.pdf
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/ra/d1ra08196a
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2186/pdf
Raghul Kannan Sampath
Each country has its own standards for determining the bactericidal activity of nanoparticles against microbes. There is a disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles are defined as the lowest concentrations of nanoparticles that inhibit visible growth of a microorganism after standard time-based incubation. The minimum bactericidal concentration is defined as the lowest concentration of nanoparticles resulting in microbial death.
Once you have determined the performance of your nanoparticles against a standard, you can offer them to your healthcare provider for use. It is also necessary to determine their toxicity according to the standard. After that, the relevant executive authority will allow their use.
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