Dear Ayshwarya Ravikumar, Direct drop casting and freeze-fracture SEM procedures are used to examine liposome size and morphology, respectively, whereas freeze-fracture SEM offers detailed inside liposome structures.
Two techniques to preparing liposome samples for Xrd.
A concentrated liposome solution is crushed into a fine, homogeneous sample for Powder X-ray Diffraction.
In-situ XRD analyzes hydrated liposomes, using specialized sample holders and temperature and humidity control.
1-Start by preparing the liposome suspension by mixing the liposomes with a suitable solvent such as water or buffer solution. The liposomes can be obtained commercially or prepared using a lipid film hydration method.
2-To ensure uniform dispersion of liposomes in the solution, sonicate the suspension using an ultrasonic bath for a few minutes.
3-Take a small amount of the liposome suspension and spread it onto a clean glass or silicon wafer using a pipette or spin-coating technique. Allow the solvent to evaporate, leaving behind a thin film of liposomes on the substrate.
4. Once the thin film is formed, it can be characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate its morphology and structure.
5. For SEM analysis, mount the sample onto a sample holder and coat it with a conductive material such as gold or carbon to prevent charging during imaging. Then, analyze the sample using an SEM to obtain high-resolution images of the liposome thin film. For XRD analysis, place the sample in the X-ray beam path and collect diffraction patterns to determine the crystalline structure of the liposomes within the thin film.