Renewable energy is, without a doubt, one of the main energy sources used by many countries for electricity generation and the cleanest type of energy source available in the world. However, and despite practical and convincing technologies on renewable energy available for its use for electricity generation, the process to switch from the use of non-renewable energy sources to the use of renewable energy sources has been quite slow and uncertain especially in the developing nations. Some of the main barriers to be faced in this process are, according to Dorcas Kariuki, the following:

· over-reliance on fossil fuels (coal),

· political and regulatory barriers,

· technical barriers,

· market-related barriers,

· social-cultural barriers,

· financial and economic barriers,

· geographical and ecological barriers.

Renewable energy is, without a doubt, one of the main energy sources used by many countries for electricity generation and the cleanest type of energy source available in the world. However, and despite practical and convincing technologies on renewable energy available for its use for electricity generation, the process to switch from the use of non-renewable energy sources to the use of renewable energy sources has been quite slow and uncertain especially in the developing nations. Some of the main barriers to be faced in this process are, according to Dorcas Kariuki, the following:

· over-reliance on fossil fuels (coal),

· political and regulatory barriers,

· technical barriers,

· market-related barriers,

· social-cultural barriers,

· financial and economic barriers,

· geographical and ecological barriers.

Dear Jorge Morales Pedraza and Naushad Khan thank you for your nice answers.

The origin of renewables are the sun but normally the following types of energy sources are considered as renewable energy sources:

Hydro

Solar energy

Wind energy

Geothermal.

Biomass,

Tide (Tidal energy)

Dear Jorge Morales Pedraza Sir,

I also support the above request by Dr. Naushad Khan and your explanation method.

Can you more explain various aspects of above energy sources such as feasibility, technology, economy, etc. for direct use or electricity generation.

According to National Geographic, tidal energy is produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy.

During the 20th century, engineers developed ways to use tidal movement to generate electricity in areas where there is a significant tidal range—the difference in area between high tide and low tide. All methods use special generators to convert tidal energy into electricity.

Tidal energy production is still in its infancy. The amount of power produced so far has been small. There are very few commercial-sized tidal power plants operating in the world. The first was located in La Rance, France. The largest facility is the Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station in South Korea. The United States has no tidal plants and only a few sites where tidal energy could be produced at a reasonable price. China, France, England, Canada, and Russia have much more potential to use this type of energy.

In the United States, there are legal concerns about underwater land ownership and environmental impact. Investors are not enthusiastic about tidal energy because there is not a strong guarantee that it will make money or benefit consumers. Engineers are working to improve the technology of tidal energy generators to increases the amount of energy they produce, to decrease their impact on the environment, and to find a way to earn a profit for energy companies.

Cost of installation of renewable energy may be shared with government and legislation may be passed to make use of renewable energy mandatory

Most renewable energies are non-firm sources. Methods and approaches for transforming them to firm sources are the correct path of increasing their utilisation. At least, their predictability need to be enhanced.

Am agree with Jorge Morales Pedraza

Please check it up:

Article Developing the Resilient Solar Energy Management System: A H...

Bests.

By use of evacuated tube solar collectors more utilization of renewable solar energy has been obtained.

Dr. Kale,

This is a very interesting question.

Specifically in the context of distributed generation of photovoltaic energy, I developed jointly with fellow researchers a research to identify the ways and barriers to the adoption of this technology under the political, technical, managerial, social and economic dimensions. To this end, interviews were conducted with professionals from utility companies, photovoltaic industry associations, photovoltaic system installers, users, policy makers and other key stakeholders.

Among the main barriers identified are the poor quality of photovoltaic systems, the high cost of initial investment, the dependence on financing for purchase of solar panels, consumer culture, lack of knowledge about photovoltaic technology, the inefficient after-sales services, the dependence on imports of solar panels from China and lack of policies to encourage photovoltaic generation. The results of this study allow the understanding of the diffusion of the distributed generation of photovoltaic energy in countries of emerging economies or in regions where the implementation of PV systems is still incipient.

If you are interested in knowing in depth all the barriers raised by respondents and literature, the article is available in the journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, under the heading "Paths and barriers to the diffusion of distributed generation of photovoltaic energy in southern Brazil". The link for consultation is as follows: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032119303193.

Regards,

Taís Bisognin Garlet

Briefly, the main problems related to renewables are:

a) low energy density

b) they are not a continuous source of energy, and often not predictable

c) long return on investment in equipment

d) there are also certain technical problems with their connection to the electricity grid

Utilization of waste, raw materials used, components constituting important elements of renewed energy sources is an important factor that may slow down the development of pro-ecological energy based on renewable energy sources. Currently, the key problems of this issue include the utilization of radioactive waste, spent fuel from active nuclear power plants. Utilization is very expensive and usually involves the protection of radioactive waste by closing it in sealed barrels, which are placed in disused deep mines deep underground. A similar problem concerns the disposal of materials from used batteries that were used in cars and other electrically powered vehicles.

Have a nice day. Regards.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello. It's an interesting question. Actually, the most important barriers to the development of renewable energy technology depends on the country's situation and there is no universal prescription for all countries around the word. However, according to the high initial investment cost and high costs compared to the conventional fuels and also the long pay-back period, the economic and financial barriers are amongst the most impedements to the development of these new technologies. Using the AHP approach, I've identified and ranked the main and subbarriers of the development of the most applicable renewable sources, called Solar PV, biomass, and wind turbine. As it was expected the economic and financial barriers, followe by the low public awareness (as a subcriteria of social, cultural, and behavioral) were identified as the main obstacles. This result could be explained by the high dependence of this country on fossil fuels and allocating huge subsidies to them. From the surveyed literature these results are true for all developing country specially the OPEC members.

Good luvk