Bioenergetic functions of mitochondria is generating energy currency of the cell.
Antioxidant capacity provides protection from oxidative stress and cell homeostasis.
However how to meaningfully dissect whether involvement of NADPH and ATP in any specific function, as increasing NADPH levels also increases ATP synthesis?
I want to clarify your question.
For bioenergetic function, mitochondria can generate NADH and ATP. In general, NADH is generated mainly from the TCA cycle and beta-oxidation pathway, which enters the respiratory chain resulting in ATP synthesis.
NADPH is the reducing agent, which is produced by some pathways (mainly Pentose phosphate pathway in the cytosol). It can also be generated in mitochondrial from NADH by NAD kinase enzyme using ATP. To my knowledge, NADPH is only involved in the reduction reaction (as a reducing agent, in glutathione reductase) and do not involve in the ATP synthesis and bioenergetics reaction.
But in general, regulation of oxidative stress may relate to cellular energy production. I think you may need to focus on the organelle-specific antioxidant system and its relation to the respiratory chain reaction.
On the other hand, the usage of NADH to generate NADPH may reduce the availability of NADH to enter the Complex 1 of the respiratory chain, which may result in decreased ATP production.
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