The correlation between the energy dissipated in a structural member and its deformations may be numerically assessed by carrying out regression analysis on the data from a statistically large set of nonlinear dynamic analyses.
Have you checked the Park & Ang damage index (DI)? It takes into account the effect of maximum deformation and cyclic loads and has been used for structural elements failing in flexure:
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If you have the force-deformation graph, you could consider the area under the force-deformation linear-elastic segment as a measure of energy absorption and the plastic region as the energy dissipation mechanism.