Hello Yan, these three forms of D-luciferin are biologically equivalent.

D-Luciferin (HY-12591A): The solubility of free acid is low, the solubility of H2O is < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble);

D-Luciferin (sodium) (HY-12591): high solubility (solubility in H2O: 330.8 mg/mL), but poor stability;

D-Luciferin (potassium) (HY-12591B): high solubility (solubility in H2O: 17.4 mg/mL) and good stability.

PMID: 24589192 and PMID: 38596291 are references you could look at for using these products in mouse bioluminescence experiments.

You could choose between D-Luciferin (sodium) and D-Luciferin (potassium) according to dissolution and storage (information in attached figures which are from our website).

The answer to this question is provided by MedChemExpress Technical Support.

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Use D-luciferin, potassium salt because it’s highly water-soluble, easy to sterile-filter, and very well validated in mice.

Best,

Subhajit

Hello Yan Yan Zhao

Free acid D-luciferin is not suitable because the free acid form has low water solubility and requires a base to dissolve, which is impractical for preparing the sterile, pH-neutral stock solutions needed for animal injection.

The sodium and potassium salts are easily soluble in water or DPBS. So they are the standard choice for in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Since both salts are effective, your choice can depend on the specific details of your experiment. For very high-concentration stock solutions, the D-luciferin sodium salt's higher solubility might be advantageous.

But if you are concerned about stability over a long storage period, then the potassium salt has a slight edge. D-luciferin potassium salt is a common choice due to its good stability and effectiveness and is most preferred by many researchers for in vivo applications.

Best,