here is instrument which can calculate the QY, but manually you need to plot absorbance vs area of the PL. which will give the QY, i.e slop of it gives the quantum yield of the crystal which is then compared to standard like Rhodamine 6G which has the QY of ~1. reference you can see the some of the papers , most of the paper have used rhodamine 6g and rhodamine's as standards
QY mainly calculated by the equation, Q_s = Q_r . I_s/I_r. A_r/A_s. (η_s)2/(η_r)2 . where ‘Q’ is the quantum yield, ‘I’ is the intensity of luminescent spectra (area of the PL spectra by integrating), ‘A’ is the absorbance at exited wavelength and ‘η’ is the refractive index of used solvent; the subscripts ‘s’ for carbon dots and ‘r’ for reference in this equation. Reference is mainly choose by the PL emission wavelength. PL emission wavelength region of reference should be same as the sample. Here I am attaching a guideline also. In the last page different references with their QY and emission wavelength are given.
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