I want to detect the band gap narrowing in Fe doped BTO(BaTiO3) through valence band XPS (VBXPS) characterization. The operator is asking which element do you want to detect in BaTiO3 for VB XPS? I didn't understand that because for the whole structure of Fe doped BaTiO3 we have one band gap along with impurity band gap. Can anyone please suggest the initial steps we need to consider before VB XPS spectra has to do?
How to find out the fermi energy for any ferroelectric material to give the binding energy range for the analysis?
Please suggest books for XPS and valence band XPS.
Dear Shalini Kathirkamu
Please read the following research articles. Hope you will find the detail answer for you quires:
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/RA/C7RA00021A
http://pubs.rsc.org/-/content/articlepdf/2017/ra/c7ra00021a
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ra/c4ra04768k#!divAbstract
Honestly, I also don't understand why they are asking that. You are correct -- there is one valence band (with or without band tail).
Do you have any information on the system being used for VB XPS? Is it a synchrotron source, and they are selecting an x-ray excitation energy according to an elemental edge, e.g. oxygen edge? Is it an x-ray source with more than one anode, such as a dual anode source with Mg and Al anodes, and they are asking which anode you want to use?
For good VB measurements with XPS, I would be concerned with how narrow the line width can be with the x-ray source being used, along with the limits of resolution of the analyzer. But those are going to depend on the specific instrumentation. See the table at the bottom of the web page linked below to get an idea about fixed-energy, elemental anode sources and the line widths they produce. If the analysis is being done at a synchrotron, then there are likely more options to choose from.
I suggest asking the operator what will produce the narrowest line width and what the limits of resolution of the analyzer are. Those two things will greatly impact the quality of your VB XPS data.
https://xpssimplified.com/xray_generation.php
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