Teale (1965) defined MSE from measured Torque, ROP, and WOB (a bit), where MSE is ~1/Area with given T, WOB, and ROP.
From rock mechanics, standpoint Rolling Cone, PDC, and Diamond core drill bit are working on the same principle - shear rock failure under compression and displacement of reworked rock masses. So MSE should be ~ Compression strength=f (UCS, Friction angle, and Effective confining stress=f(Sv, Poisson's Ratio, PorePressure)) and, hence, Diameter independent all else equal. Type of the bit should change coefficient of proportionality.
Since with changing Area of contact WOB, Torque, and ROP will adjust accordingly to match micro-mechanics if your bit has no dysfunctions, MSE should be diameter independent.
References:
1. Teale, R. (1965) “The concept of specific energy in rock drilling.” Rock Mechanics Mining Science, vol. 2, pp 57 – 73.