- Antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, to resist the effects of antimicrobial drugs, such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs. AMR is a global public health concern as it can lead to treatment failures, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity and mortality rates.
- AMR surveillance involves monitoring the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in different settings, including healthcare facilities, communities, and animal agriculture. It aims to collect data on resistance patterns, identify emerging resistant strains, and track the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments over time.
- In Pakistan, like in many other countries, AMR surveillance plays a crucial role in understanding the extent and impact of antimicrobial resistance. By collecting and analyzing data on resistance patterns, healthcare professionals and policymakers can make informed decisions regarding treatment guidelines, infection control practices, and antibiotic stewardship programs.
- In recent years, there have been efforts to strengthen AMR surveillance in Pakistan. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan (NAP) was launched in 2017 to address the growing threat of AMR in the country. The plan aims to improve surveillance systems, promote rational use of antibiotics, strengthen infection prevention and control measures, and enhance public awareness about AMR.
AMR represents a major threat to human health with significant global economic and security implications. In 2015, WHO Member States unanimously approved a Global Plan of Action to tackle AMR. Subsequently, Heads of States endorsed the AMR Action Plan and called for concerted action across all sectors in the context of the One Health approach.In the span of four years, 91 countries and territories have enrolled in GLASS and this report presents AMR data in over two million patients from 66 countries. It shows disturbing high rates of resistance among antimicrobials frequently used to treat common bacterial infections.
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