Dear Dr Raid,

There are many styles. However,The following are the most popular:

• APA. APA is an author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.
• MLA. MLA is most often applied by the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA. It is arguably the most well used of all of the citation styles.
• Harvard. Harvard is very similar to APA. Where APA is primarily used in the USA, Harvard referencing is the most well used referencing style in the UK and Australia, and is encouraged for use with the humanities.
• Vancouver. The Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific papers.
• Chicago and Turabian. These are two separate styles but are very similar, just like Harvard and APA. These are widely used for history and economics.

Regards

Hi

Scientific Style and Format presents three systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication: 1) citation–sequence; 2) name–year; and 3) citation–name. These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of references at the end of the document.

regards

Dear Dr Raid,

There are many styles. However,The following are the most popular:

• APA. APA is an author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.
• MLA. MLA is most often applied by the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA. It is arguably the most well used of all of the citation styles.
• Harvard. Harvard is very similar to APA. Where APA is primarily used in the USA, Harvard referencing is the most well used referencing style in the UK and Australia, and is encouraged for use with the humanities.
• Vancouver. The Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific papers.
• Chicago and Turabian. These are two separate styles but are very similar, just like Harvard and APA. These are widely used for history and economics.

Regards

The methods are too many sir

There are various methods to write thesis bibliography/references:

Harvard system – This is the most commonly used systems and one should follow a few general rules, while adapting this system. The title should be written in bold, italics and underlines. If the referred source has more than one author, then they should be written followed by the letters ‘et al’.

Vancouver System – This system is also known as author-number system. It is used in medical writings, as well as thesis writings. In this system, the references are written in that particular order, in which they were appearing in the body of the research. The method of citation is entirely different from Harvard system. Many scientists use this numerical system for writing thesis bibliography.

APA style of writing references

Modern Language Association (MLA)

Gibaldi method of writing bibliography

Etc. ....!

To ensure bibliography/references in proper format, it is necessary that the author learns about the required style and consults experts for guidance.

http://www.dissertationindia.com/blog/various-methods-of-writing-thesis-bibliography

After getting the perfect answers from the colleagues who answered previously, the most important point is to follow the instructions to authors which differ from journal to journal. One must use the system adopted by the journal to minimize the review process and corrections concerning this issue and other issues.

APA, Vancouver, and Harvard is the most common

Mainly two styles. But presently many good journal prepared their own style getting portions of these two styles and adding something new.You have to write the article as per the style of your targeted journal, whether they are among these two styles or of some new style.

Harvard style.

https://innsida.ntnu.no/wiki/-/wiki/English/Using+the+Harvard+reference+style

Vancouver Style.

https://innsida.ntnu.no/wiki/-/wiki/English/Using+the+Vancouver+reference+style

I think the link below is useful

https://www.stir.ac.uk/is/student/writing/referencing/howto/

Regards, Azzam

According to google scholar, there are 5 ways. These are MLA, APA, Chicago, Vancouver and Havard styles

Referencing Styles:

• APA
• MLA
• Oxford
• Harvard
• Chicago

Each style has its own rules for properly citing sources.

• Author-date styles (e.g. APA, MLA, and Harvard) put the author's name inside the text of the assignment
• Documentary-note styles (e.g. Chicago and Oxford) put the author's name in a footnote at the bottom of each page, or in an endnote at the end of the assignment

In mathematics there are two types of writing references: first one is order relatedto order in the content and second one is alphabetic order of surnames of authors. The second method is more popular.

lots of good suggestions.

Hi dear,

Thanks a lot for the question. I agree with Prof. Haitham Hmoud Alshibly .

Regards.

Adel

I think the previous answers have covered most the used styles ... and the author is obliged to follow the style required by the journal he wants to publish in, or the university he submits his thesis to.

regards

تستند كتابة البحث العلمي على العديد من المراجع؛ كالدراسات، والكتب، والمجلات العلمية، ويشترط على الباحث أن يُوثّق هذه المراجع كي لا يعتبر البحث سرقةً علميةً. وهناك العديد من الأنظمة التي يتم اعتمادها في توثيق هذه المراجع، ويجب على الباحث اعتماد الطريقة المتبعة عند الكلية أو المعهد الذي سيُقدّم له البحث العلمي

اتفق مع الباحث صلاح حسون جبار مع التقدير

Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote are the most Reference management softwares used in scientific journals

Methods are too many as explained above, need to adopt and choose rightly

ِAn important and good question and excellent answers.

I have nothing to mention as already previous researchers have explained well.

I am in agreement .

Wonderful question!

• APA style is used in the social sciences, arts and humanities.
• Chicago style is used in the social sciences, arts and humanities.
• Vancouver style is used in medicine and natural science, and sometimes in technology.

https://innsida.ntnu.no/wiki/-/wiki/English/Using+the+Harvard+reference+style

I agree with the answers of previous colleagues, taking into account the conditions of each journal. Also when documenting the references, consider writing the order of the references in alphabetical order and then numbering them. The numbering in the search text should be identical to the reference number after the order.

http://www.aresearchguide.com/styleguides.html

I agree with dr Haitham

I guess it depends on each and every publication stipulations so many types I assume .

Dear

There are several methods depending on the scientific field in which they are developed, the most important are APA, Chigago, Harvard, Vancouver. Also for America, in the agricultural field there are the IICA and CATIE.

There are several referencing styles as already mentioned. The one adopted per time depends on the requirement from the target journal or conference.

There are several different styles of referencing:

• APA.
• MLA.
• Oxford.
• Harvard.
• Chicago.

APA

Chicago

MLA

Harvard

Vancouver

Turabian

IICA

CATIE

The list are unending. Scholars must always know the preferred referencing style of their institution and journals and stick to them accordingly. Also, the referencing rules must be followed meticulously.

This was an important question. Answer given by Dr Haitham is very decent I go with him and also suggested by Nada-A Rasheed mam,

Even if we know the different styles, we have to follow the templates given by the Journal Publishers. So " according to Journal" is also relevant.I agree with Dickson Dr Adom, Aparna Mam, Jumoke Mam, Dr Issam

and ........

This is very important question and i agree with Dr Haitham, basically once one is use to Microsoft word document and can use the referencing style i think i can really help. once your research article is prepared using Reference any journal article you are working on you can select the reference style they prefer directly and everything will change to suit the reference style been chosen.

I am going to write one by one

APA. APA is an author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.

MLA. MLA is most often applied by the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA. It is arguably the most well used of all of the citation styles.

Harvard. Harvard is very similar to APA. Where APA is primarily used in the USA, Harvard referencing is the most well used referencing style in the UK and Australia, and is encouraged for use with the humanities.

Vancouver. The Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific papers.

Chicago and Turabian. These are two separate styles but are very similar, just like Harvard and APA. These are widely used for history and economics.

Besides these, some institution use their own way of making some text bold, italics,..etc

In publication in biomedical articles, clinicians and other health-related topics, the Vancouver format is used:

You can access the information through the following link, especially in section IV.A.9. Bibliographic references

http://www.metodo.uab.cat/docs/Requisitos_de_Uniformidad.pdf

En publicación en artículos biomédicos, médicos clínicos y demás temas relacionados con la salud, se utiliza el formato de Vancouver:

Puede acceder a la información mediante el siguiente vínculo, especialmente en la sección IV.A.9. Referencias bibliográficas

http://www.metodo.uab.cat/docs/Requisitos_de_Uniformidad.pdf

Vary according to the scientific journals for research, according to the instructions of each university for theses and master's and doctoral dissertations

EndNote supports more than 4500 types of reference styles, still more, a good number of research journals support their own individual reference style.

To facilitate this process we will make this simple explanation:

google Scholar-Kukl offers the service of Scholar 1

Which helps students write their messages and research according to the methodologies adopted at universities in the world

The Scholar.google.com site link is

We write in the search box the name of the book or the research whose source is required

Then click on the cite icon and not on the citation by)) and if mako cite press the two buttons after the star at the end of the subject as shown in pictures .. The search result appears and shows the name of the book or paper

We show the name of the source of the book according to the approved global methodologies and you choose one of the approved methodologies ...

Then copy to the source and paste in the message document or research paper.

And we used the name of the source written professionally without errors ... All the best

To facilitate this process we will make this simple explanation:

google Scholar-Kukl offers the service of Scholar 1

Which helps students write their messages and research according to the methodologies adopted at universities in the world

Picture 2-

The Scholar.google.com site link is

We write in the search box the name of the book or the research whose source is required

In Figure 3-

Then click on the cite icon and not on the citation by)) and if mako cite press the two buttons after the star at the end of the subject as shown in pictures .. The search result appears and shows the name of the book or paper

As shown in Figure 4

We show the name of the source of the book according to the approved global methodologies and you choose one of the approved methodologies ...

Then copy to the source and paste in the message document or research paper.

And we used the name of the source written professionally without errors ... All the best

Dear dr. Muthana,

I would like to thank you for the interesting explanation.

All the best

It depends on the journal...Just follow their format

There is no single rule of bibliographic presentation, but several. Each one must choose a rule and stick to the only way to make of the chosen rule and never change the presentation in the same document.

However, when a researcher submits an article to a scientific journal, he must follow the very strict rules of this journal for the writing of his bibliography because each journal has its own specific style.

For any other document, a presentation rule must be chosen and applied in a consistent way throughout the document because the presentation must be structured and organized.

http://www.scientificstyleandformat.org/Tools/SSF-Citation-Quick-Guide.html

There are many method

Good question and informative answers Thank you all!

Lot more information.i appreciate all

• you can use mendeley zotero for automatic referencing and choose style given below
• APA.
• MLA.
• Oxford.
• Harvard.
• Chicago.

Hi Professor Riad,

All methods found in the program Endnote

Issam.

I agree with Dr. Muthana A.K. Al-Zobaei

Hello Prof Raid

• APA for papers in psychology, education, and the other social sciences.
• MLA for papers in literature, arts, and humanities.
• Chicago for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.
• Turabian is designed for college students to use with all subjects.

An appeal to my colleagues researchers:

Before answering a question, please read the previous answers to avoid repetition. It's a matter of intellectual honesty and ethics.

As a stander we usually use 6 type

6000 style in endnote database

I have read many very interesting answers. Well, the author should always carefully read the tips for the authors.

But the number of styles is a serious problem in managing the bibliography, creating own databases. Maybe someday it will be somehow unified.

http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html

Regards!!

I prefer APA6

Good question and informative answers Thank you all!

APA, is the most common

thank you all

It also depends on the field of discipline. Legal research uses OSCOLA Referencing Style more than any other styles.