This question has possible multiple answers because it heavily depends on the type of marker you are trying to measure. For some markers, delayed centrifugation can lead to marked changes (ex: glucosis) for other the impact is not that important.
If there is no specific study for your marker you should look at it prospectively (ie 2 or more blood tube that you analyse rapidly after the sampling and other sampled at different time*storing temperature to see if a difference is seen or not. Then you could answer to it properly and justify your sampling timeframe in the scientific communication.
It depends on which anticoagulant your are using and for what purpose you want to store whole blood. Normaly scientists separate the components of the blood and and the they store separately each component .mostly they face problems to store platelets not more than 5 days and RBC for 35 to 42 days for hematological estimation.