From my work, I don't think one group affects the other--for PPNs soil and plant health are likely the most important factors.
Dear Monique
It has been reported by few scientists that the allelochemicals produced by dead or live nematodes and/or by their symbiotic bacteria may be selectively act against plant-parasitic nematodes.
Hi Sumit,
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the interaction
between EPNs and PPNs. First, EPNs attracted to plant roots
may be forcing PPNs away (Bird and Bird, 1986). Second, EPNs applied to soil for insect control may stimulate the build-up of general nematode antagonists and predators (Ishibashi and Choi,1991). Third, EPN infected cadavers filled with both symbiotic bacteria and various life stages of nematodes can release high
concentrations of ammonia (Grewal et al., 1999; Shapiro et al.,
2000; De Nardo et al., 2006) and other allelochemicals, which
can be toxic to PPNs (McInerney et al., 1991; Grewal et al., 1999;
Molina et al., 2007). The secondary metabolite, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-
isopropulstilbene from nematode infected cadavers inhibited egg
hatch of the PPN Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)
Chitwood, and caused significant mortality of two fungal-feeding
nematodes, Aphelenchoides rhytium Massey, and Bursaphelenchus
spp (Hu et al., 1999). Indeed, both Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus
bacteria produce large amounts of ammonium in culture, which
have been shown to be toxic to second stage juveniles of M. incognita
(Hu et al., 1999; Grewal et al., 1999).
in interaction among PPN, EPNs and plant may be involved induce systemic
resistance.
you can see attached paper.
Is it possible to manage plant parasitic nematode, Melidogyne incognita with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora?
Is it possible to manage plant parasitic nematode, Melidogyne incognita with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in tomato crop?
Dear Sumit Vashisth,
Yes, it is possible to manage Meloidogyne using EPNs. The better way is to use the symbiont bacteria of EPN. You may find some information regarding your interest in the paper with DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2013.01.011. it is an open access paper.
Best Regards
Dear Sumit Vashisth,
Fatima Sayedain very well defined about the interaction of EPN andPPN. Secondary metabolites produced by EPB associated with EPN have a great variety of antimicrobial activity. Antinematicidal activity was also reported by several workers. In this way is can be said that applied nematode will surely affect the PPN population but the point is where you want to focus.
Best Regards
127
Hi Sumit
I suggest for you some references 1
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03356433'
2
https://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/265815/1/azu_etd_12499_sip1_m.pdf
6
https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2001000200001
8
https://www.wineland.co.za/effect-of-imidacloprid-on-entomopathogenic-nematodes-epn/
10
https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/66/2/603/17131617/eru345.pdf
11
https://www.caes.uga.edu/departments/plant-pathology/people/faculty/ganpati-jagdale.html
13
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03235400903345315?src=recsys
15
https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/213/978/RUG01-002213978_2015_0001_AC.pdf
20
http://articles.extension.org/pages/19199/insect-parasitic-nematodes-for-the-management-of-soil-dwelling-insect-pests
Plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for substantial damages within the agriculture industry every year, which is a challenge that has thus far gone largely unimpeded. Chemical nematicides have been employed with varying degrees of success, but their implementation can be cumbersome, and furthermore
they could potentially be neutralising an otherwise positive effect from the entomopathogenic nematodes that coexist with plant-parasitic nematodes in soil environments and provide protection for plants against insect pests. Recent research has explored the potential of employing entomopathogenic nematodes to protect plants from plant-parasitic nematodes, while providing their standard degree of protection against insects. The interactions involved are highly complex, due to both
the three-organism system and the assortment of variables present in a soil environment, but a strong collection of evidence has accumulated regarding the suppressive capacity of certain entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria, in the context of limiting the infectivity of plant-parasitic nematodes. Specific factors produced by certain entomopathogenic nematode complexes during the
process of insect infection appear to have a selectively nematicidal, or at least repellant, effect on plant-parasitic nematodes. Using this information, an opportunity has formed to adapt this relationship to large-scale, field conditions and potentially relieve the agricultural industry of one of its most substantial burdens.
Review Article
Entomopathogenic and plant pathogenic nematodes as opposing forces
in agriculture
Eric Kenney, Ioannis Eleftherianos
International Journal for Parasitology
Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington DC 20052, United States
Well, basically the symbiont bacterias Xenorhabdus spp. that are associated with Steinernema spp. and Photorhabdus spp. that are associated with Heterorhabditis spp. produce a huge amount of secondary metabolites that has nematicidal activites.
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