Dear Dr. Sara Nazif

These articles might be helpful, Have a look:

1. Energy consumption in desalinating produced water (https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78063221.pdf)

2. Article Energy consumption for desalination — A comparison of forwar...

3. Article Energy generation and storage by salinity gradient power: A ...

4. Article Energy Efficiency of RO and FO-RO system for High Salinity S...

Hope this helps.

Kind Regards

Qamar Ul Islam

You can check the papers below for your answer:

• Article Energy consumption for desalination — A comparison of forwar...

• Article Performance and energy consumption evaluation of a fertilise...

Would you please explain what do you mean by energy consumption? FO process is supposed to work without external energy. The higher difference between the influent's concentration and the draw solution's, the more driving force you can create for separation. I hope the following paper is useful.

http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_130666.html

I think by energy consumption you mean the energy required to regenerate the draw solution. For an instance, if you keep the molarity of draw solution constant and vary the influent salinity which seems to be your case, then the osmosis will continue as long as the draw solution becomes isotonic with the feed solution (theoretically, by neglecting concentration polarization). Thus, lesser the salinity of feed water, more will be the transport of solvent towards the draw side, and more dilution of draw water. The minimum energy required to regenerate the draw solution can be theoretically calculated by equating it to the GIbb's free energy of mixing.

Hope it helps.

Akshay