In plasmonic photovoltaics, photo-current spectral response is explained by scattering or near field light enhancement of metal nano-particles.From the basic knowledge we know scattered light is less intense. Thus how the plasmonic scattering effect enhances the photovoltaic device efficiency.
Very brief answer, omitting local-field enhancement effects and focusing only on scattering:
The answer is very rough and qualitative, but should give you an idea of what's going on.
Best
Giovanni
I hope this review may answer some of your questions: There is always a possibility of quenching excitons and thereby reduces the efficiency. However, a careful design of solar cell could improve the efficiency.
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ra/c5ra01819f#!divAbstract
At LSPR condition, the local electric field in vicinity of plasmonic particle is very high which leads to more exciton generation in nearby semiconductor. However as stated by Polavarapu, unless an efficient design is used there is high possibility of quenching of excitons. Usually metallic nanoparticles are coated with thin insulating dielectric layer to prevent quenching and optimize device performance.
Dear Shamjid Palappra
After reading the following papers you will have a more clear idea.
Firstly i write you the my papers in this research field:
F. Bonanno, G. Capizzi, G. Lo Sciuto, C. Napoli,"Optimal Thicknesses Determination in a Multilayer Structure to Improve the SPP Efficiency for Photovoltaic Devices by an Hybrid FEM – Cascade Neural Network Based Approach" 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion;978-1-4799-4749-2/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
F. Bonanno, G. Capizzi, G. Lo Sciuto, C. Napoli, G. Pappalardo and E. Tramontana, “A Cascade Neural Network Architecture investigating Surface Plasmon Polaritons propagation for thin metals in OpenMP,” in Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, LNAI (Book 8467) series. Springer, 2014, pp. 21–32.
S. Lombardo, et al. "Plasmonic effects of ultra-thin Mo films on hydrogenated amorphous Si photovoltaic cells." Applied Physics Letters 101.12 (2012): 123902-123902.
Then the suggested papers are:
[1] Inoue, T.; Watanabe, K.; Toprasertpong, K.; Fujii, H.; Sugiyama, M.; Nakano, Y., "Enhanced Light Trapping in Multiple Quantum Wells by Thin-Film Structure and Backside Grooves With Dielectric Interface," Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of , vol.5, no.2, pp.697,703, March 2015
[2] Hairen Tan; Santbergen, R.; Guangtao Yang; Smets, A.H.M.; Zeman,M., "Combined Optical and Electrical Design of Plasmonic Back Reflector for High-Efficiency Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells," Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of , vol.3, no.1, pp.53,58, Jan. 2013.
[3] V. E. Ferry, M. A. Verschuuren, H. B. T. Li, R. E. I. Schropp, H. A. Atwr, and A. Polman, “Improved red-response in thin film a-Si:H solar cells with soft-imprinted plasmonic back reflectors,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 95, p. 183503, 2009.
[4] S. A. Maier, Plasmonic: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer (2007).
[5] T. Neumann, M. L. Johansson, D. Kambhampati, W. Knoll, “Surface-plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy,” Advanced Functional Materials, 12(9), pp. 575-586.
[6] A. Polman,“A silicon- based electrical source of surface plasmon polaritons.” Nature Materials, 9(3), 2125 (2010).
[7] S. Pillai, K. R. Catchpole, T. Trupke, M. A. Green, “Surface plasmon enhanced silicon solar cells”, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 101, 093105, (2007).
[8] A. Atwater, H. and A. Polman. "Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices." Nature materials 9.3 (2010): 205-213.
Best regards
Dr Francesco Bonanno Ph D
DIEEI, University of Catania,
Catania, Italy
[9] K. R. Catchpole and A. Polman, “Design principles for particle plasmon enhanced solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, pp. 191113-1–191113-2, 2008.
[10] W. Bai, Q. Gan, F. Bartoli, and G. Song, “Plasmonic back structures designed for efficiency enhancement of thin film solar cells,” presented at the Conf. Lasers Electro-Opt., San Jose, CA, USA, 2010, Paper CMAA2.
[12] Wook Jun Nam; Liming Ji; Varadan, V.V.; Fonash, S.J., "Designing optical path length, photonic, and plasmonic effects into nanostructured solar cells," Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 2011 11th IEEE Conference on , vol., no., pp.1409,1412, 15-18 Aug. 2011.
[13] Wenli Bai; Qiaoqiang Gan; Guofeng Song; Bartoli, F., "Plasmonic back structures designed for efficiency enhancement of thin film solar cells," Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) and Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), 2010 Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,2, 16-21 May 2010
[16] Fallahpour, A.H.; Ulisse, G.; Auf der Maur, M.; Di Carlo, A.; Brunetti, F., "3-D Simulation and Optimization of Organic Solar Cell With Periodic Back Contact Grating Electrode," Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of , vol.5, no.2, pp.591,596, March 2015
[17] Murthy, M.S.; Tembhurne, S.; Ganguly, S., "Co-optimizing plasmonic and solar cell structures," Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 2012 12th IEEE Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,4, 20-23 Aug. 2012.
Dear Shamjid Palappra
after reading on RG your interest in writing software code to investigate plasmonic effects in solar cells ( based on the FDTD method) i suggest you this proposed approach:
F. Bonanno, G. Capizzi, G. Lo Sciuto, C. Napoli,"Optimal Thicknesses Determination in a Multilayer Structure to Improve the SPP Efficiency for Photovoltaic Devices by an Hybrid FEM – Cascade Neural Network Based Approach" 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion;978-1-4799-4749-2/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
F. Bonanno, G. Capizzi, G. Lo Sciuto, C. Napoli, G. Pappalardo and E. Tramontana, “A Cascade Neural Network Architecture investigating Surface Plasmon Polaritons propagation for thin metals in OpenMP,” in Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, LNAI (Book 8467) series. Springer, 2014, pp. 21–32.
Best regards
Dr Francesco Bonanno Ph D
DIEEI, University of Catania,
Catania, Italy
1. longer optical paths .
2. local optical electric field enhancement around metal nanostructures, which must be designed finely
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