Climate change is long term, shifts in the normal climate conditions. For example, colder regions become warmer that makes it impossible for certain crops in the colder regions to thrive but can be an opportunity for farmers to grow other crops due to a warmer climate.

Climate variability is mostly what farmers are experiencing, the lack of predictability when it comes to frequency of rainy days, the volume of rain as well as the fluctuations in day time and night time temperatures. All of these parameters affect crop production, less rainy days will mean more effort to irrigate crops, less or too much rain will also impact growth and development of crops. Night time and day time temperatures affect plant respiration, potentially impacting crop yield. All these parameters of frequency of rainy days, volume of rain and temperature will also encourage/discourage growth and development of other organisms in and around the farms which will lead to less or more plant and insect activities (weeds and pests).

To mitigate the effects--one is to use improved crop varieties that can tolerate these wide variations (ie flood tolerant rice varieties for example), second diversify crop production, add more plants that are tolerant to fluctuations, for example trees are great (read about evergreening agriculture), one can also diversify by adding cover cropping to conserve soil moisture, third is to use technologies--solar water pumps to irrigate, rain water harvesting, green houses in colder regions. etc

Erecting buildings and infrastructure that is safer and more sustainable. Replanting forests and restoring damaged ecosystems. Diversifying crops so that they are better able to adapt to changing climates. Investigating and developing innovative solutions to prevent and manage natural catastrophes. Mitigation strategies include retrofitting buildings to make them more energy efficient; adopting renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and small hydro; helping cities develop more sustainable transport such as bus rapid transit, electric vehicles, and biofuels; and promoting more sustainable uses of land. No-till agriculture prevents soil erosion and promotes carbon sequestration, which is beneficial regarding climate change and farming. This method reduces soil depletion, improves its climate and natural environment as well as decreases inputs for tillage activities and maintenance of tilling equipment. Environmental factors include such things as soil conditions, terrain, temperature regime, and rainfall amount. The emphasis will be placed on the effects of climate and weather on crop yields.

Climate change has significant impacts on crop production, including altered precipitation patterns, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and changes in temperature and CO2 levels. These changes can lead to reduced crop yields, decreased nutrient content in crops, increased pest and disease pressure, and changes in crop quality.

To mitigate the effects of climate change on crop production, several strategies can be employed. These include:

Climate is the most important determinant of crop productivity, particularly in country like India, where about 2/3rd of the cultivated area is rainfed. Climate change, therefore, is of serious concern having large-scale impacts, directly and indirectly, on agriculture.Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Responding to climate change involves two possible approaches: reducing and stabilizing the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (“mitigation”) and adapting to the climate change already in the pipeline (“adaptation”).Higher temperatures tend to reduce crop yields and favor weed and pest proliferation. Climate change can have negative effects on irrigated crop yields across agroecological regions both due to temperature rise and changes in water availability. Extreme high temperature and drought accelerate the evaporation of soil water, the decomposition of organic matter and the loss of nutrients, thus reducing land productivity; high-temperature weather increases the risk of farmers suffering from heat-related traumatic injury and chronic diseases,