We call something a toxin when that substance affect our cell in any way...Why vancomycin is called to be endothelial toxin...what does it do to endothelial cells that causes Phlebitis?
The precise mechanism of endothelial toxicity is not clear up to now.however some studies showed that it is not induced by acidic pH. In comparing infusion methods, we observed that continuous infusion induced greater cell toxicity than intermittent infusion at doses higher than 1 g/day. The increasing use of vancomycin means that new guidelines are required to avoid phlebitis. If peripheral intravenous therapy is used to reduce infusion time, along with intermittent infusion, vein irritation and localized phlebitis may be reduced. Further studies have to be carried out to explore the causes of vancomycin endothelial toxicity.
Drouet, M., Chai, F., Barthélémy, C., Lebuffe, G., Debaene, B., Décaudin, B., & Odou, P. (2015). Influence of vancomycin infusion methods on endothelial cell toxicity. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 59(2), 930-934.
Dear Sagar,
Here some papers that could help you.
Good luck
https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/694-7001.pdf
https://aac.asm.org/content/59/2/930
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.902.5612&rep=rep1&type=pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/thrombophlebitis
Article Severe local vancomycin induced skin necrosis
file:///C:/Users/STE/Downloads/9528-32533-1-PB.pdf
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