Particularly how are proteins trans locating out of mitochondria in general (not during apoptosis and MMP)? For example SKIP2 has been shown to shuttle between nucleus and mitochondria via acetylation. Are there any studies suggesting the mechanism of translocation of proteins out of mitochondria in mammalian cells?
Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis requires exporting proteins from the mitochondrial matrix, attached is an article that details the mechanisms involved.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14731958
Most mitochondria genes are located in the nucleus. mtDNA, mitchondria DNA, is more prone to mutation and instability compared to nuclear dna; due to its location near respiration machinery and lack of mitochondria repair mechanisms. Additionally, cellular respiration is paramount for cellular survival.
Most proteins associated with the mitochondria are synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes. Proteins after ribosomal release bind to receptors in the mitochondria. The receptors recognize specific uptake targeting sequences in the proteins. To get past multiple membranes and enter into the correct compartment proteins require multiple signal sequences; one sequence to direct protein binding to the organelle and the other to direct it to the correct compartment.
This process is highly energy consuming.
Hope this helps
Thanks Michael... Yes, there are studies suggesting how nuclear proteins are trans locating to mitochondria...But i am asking how one protein comes out of mitochondria (matrix proteins) in general once it is residing in mitochondria? Is there any mechanism reported?
Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis requires exporting proteins from the mitochondrial matrix, attached is an article that details the mechanisms involved.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14731958
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