Alwielland Q. Bello, I share with you the following works for your review.
Abrate, L., Garlan, K., Hendry, G., & Caillaud, C. (2020). Future proofing assessment: Using a design thinking approach to embed graduate qualities in a time of change. ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, 2(2), 263-266.
Craig, C., Wallace, J., Montague, K., Koulidou, N., Fisher, H., Carvalho, L., ... & South, J. (2021). Development of an ethical roadmap. Design for Health, 5(1), 140-160. https://dshura.shu.ac.uk/28968/3/Craig-DevelopmentEthicalRoadmap%28AM%29.pdf
De Vos, E., Xin, X., De Marez, L., De Ruyck, O., & Emmanouil, M. (2019). Provoking ethical awareness at a design workshop on the future of education. In DS 95: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2019), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. 12th-13th September 2019.
Lewis, E. J., Ludwig, P. M., Nagel, J., & Ames, A. (2019). Student ethical reasoning confidence pre/post an innovative makerspace course: A survey of ethical reasoning. Nurse Education Today, 75, 75-79. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330723661_Student_ethical_reasoning_confidence_prepost_an_innovative_makerspace_course_A_survey_of_ethical_reasoning
Pramashela, A. D., & Suwono, H. (2023, January). The implementation of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) based design thinking in the ethical dilemma story project to improve student’s creative thinking and learning outcomes. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2569, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://web.archive.org/web/20230113035906id_/https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/5.0112278
Alwielland Q. Bello, Design practices have wide and diverse reaches, for example: design process, implementation of design (construction), usage of out come by clients and recycling of out come at end of use. Therefore ethical consideration of your design thinking should include all of these areas. Other wise you will end up with a project that is oppressive through out it's life cycle.
Design standards/codes are available for most design disciplines following those can allow you to be on the ethical stand point. As values change overtime and ethical standards evolve accordingly, it's important for designers to stay updated.
Some inappropriate enior designers sometimes use ethical arguments against young designers in order to oppress them and keep them under the radar. In doing this the senior designers are being unethical. Ethical dealema between young and old designers is to be expected and that can also be one of the reasons why ethical standards evolve and change through time.
Also, I like Lee Clawson's answer, people with children might understand it better.
"Ethical dilemma" means two or more paths are ahead, all equally ethical in the opinion of the traveler. The path most frequently taken is the one that has no laws blocking it.
This is an interesting question, in the 20th Century there was an assumption of good behavior and competence in professionals in the UK and the US. A great example of this assumption breaking down is the current indictments of a Queens developer who managed to become potUS. Further back is the 1930s FDA law requiring for the first time that medicines not only work, but are safe to take, after a good chemist sent out sulfanilamides dissolved in poison and killed a lot of kids http://mjota.org/images/DEGkills.pdf