You can estimate the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing by using one of the equations presented in the literature. For instance, see Kirkwood "A simple model for dendrite arm coarsening during solidification", Mater. Sci. Eng, 1985.
If you want to do experiments as well, you can use a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope. There you could see material solidifying depending on various parameters. I hope this helps.