7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, a polycyclic or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH, containing four fused aromatic rings), comprises an anthracene (containing planar, 3 fused aromatic rings) molecule with an additional angular benzo-ring on top of the anthracene ring, and methyl groups in para-position (at carbons-7 and -12) in the planar anthracene moiety. In 1961, Dr Charles Huggins (Nobel Laureate in physiology/medicine) and colleagues evaluated 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for is carcinogenicity in the mammary gland of rodents; this PAH was considered to be the most carcinogenic of the methylated PAHs assessed. DMBA has been widely employed as a model compound for inducing breast, skin and other cancers in rodents. DMBA is a procarcinogen, meaning thereby that it needs metabolic activation in mammalian cells in order to generate proximate and ultimate carcinogenic metabolites. The role of estrogens (and estrogen receptors, and hormonal status) in DMBA induced carcinogenesis is also fascinating. Incidentally, beta-estradiol molecule shares structural similarities (particularly shape) with DMBA.
HUGGINS C, YANG NC. Induction and extinction of mammary cancer. A striking effect of hydrocarbons permits analysis of mechanisms of causes and cure of breast cancer. Science. 1962 Jul 27;137(3526):257-62. PubMed PMID: 14449781.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/huggins-lecture.pdf “Two carcinogenic aromatics, 7,8,12-trimethyl- and 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA), are more efficient than all others by 10 times.”
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It is actually quite simple once you have mastered the technique. You can implant tumor chunks orthotopically into the mammary fat pad of the mice doing minor surgery. We have a protocol if you are interested.
Breast adenocarcinoma can be induced in 60 days old Sprague-Dawley female rats by daily treatment with a single dose of 20 mg of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) diluted in 1 ml soy oil given by gavage for 10 -20 weeks.