The question is unclear to me. So you'd like to measure the absorption of quantum dots (such as in solution)? Or you want to know the optical band gap of excitons ?
If colloidal you can measure the absorption by taking the spectra of a white lamp through the solvent the CQDs are dispersed in and then take another with the solvent and CQDs. Absorption is then (white light - white light through sample)/white light.
You could also calculate absorbance by -log10((CQD + solvent)/solvent)