I want to estimate how much sodium acetate is left out in the bacterial medium after a particular period of time with respect to the initial concentration.
There are colorimetric assays for acetate determination (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/mak086?lang=en®ion=US). I'm not sure if they could be easily adapted for your desired use, but it seems plausible.
There are other, more complicated ways of measuring acetate by gas chromatography, which a good metabolomlics core might be able to perform. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009898179903929)
As a much, much less attractive options there are old-school, high-school chemistry methods that might be able to force the acetate out of solution to permit gravimetric and volumetric measurements (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_acetate#Reactions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetate). However, I suspect this wouldn't work well in a complicated solution such as bacterial media.