When we Launch rocket to put our satellite in orbit , how it is put in orbit so accurately? Because as I know their are debries in Leo, Meo & Geo so how they find their way out by going through debries , are their any radars to detect the debries , how they avoid this debries ??
Sanket Nawale
In order to put a satellite in orbit accurately, a combination of onboard navigation systems and ground-based tracking and control systems are used. The onboard navigation systems use advanced sensors and algorithms that can measure the satellite's position, speed, and acceleration relative to a known reference point and adjust its trajectory accordingly. On the ground, tracking and control systems use radar, optical, and other sensors to measure the satellite's position and trajectory in real time and provide commands to adjust its trajectory as needed. This allows for very precise navigation and accurate orbit insertion.
In order to avoid debris in orbit, a combination of onboard sensors and ground-based tracking and control systems are used. Onboard sensors, such as radar, infrared, and optical cameras, can detect the presence of objects in the vicinity of the satellite, allowing it to maneuver around them. On the ground, ground-based tracking systems can monitor the orbits of known debris and provide additional commands to the satellite to avoid any potential collisions. Additionally, active debris removal and collision avoidance systems can be deployed to actively remove any debris that could pose a threat to satellites in orbit.
You overstate the debris problem.
En-route to LEO, there will be very very few objects - the atmosphere is an excellent 'sink' for the kinetic speed of orbital objects - so the chance of anything striking a launcher on its way to LEO is vanishingly small.
In LEO, MEO, and higher orbits, debris can be an issue - but the factor of time is pertinent. A satellite in LEO might be struck every few decades by something - and the majority of the impactors are millimetric and smaller.
https://nebula.esa.int/sites/default/files/neb_study/423/C14471ExS.pdf
The chance of being struck during the scant hours or so in which the satellite is delivered to its operational orbit is, again, vanishingly small.
The satellite has to be located in space accurately:
The orientation is also to be precise:
and last the injection velocity has to be accurately imparted.
Small error's do occur, and if orbit is not satisfactory,
provision for correction is done by on-board systems,
When launching a rocket to put a satellite into orbit, there are several factors that contribute to achieving accuracy and avoiding debris. Here's an overview of the process:
Launch trajectory planning: Before the launch, meticulous trajectory planning takes place. Engineers calculate the desired orbit parameters, including altitude, inclination, and eccentricity. They take into account factors such as the satellite's weight, desired orbital slot, and available launch windows.
Launch window selection: Launch windows are specific time intervals during which a launch can occur to achieve the desired orbit. These windows consider factors like the Earth's rotation, the satellite's destination, and other operational constraints.
Guidance and control systems: Rockets employ sophisticated guidance and control systems to ensure accurate trajectory. These systems use various sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and inertial navigation systems, to track the rocket's position and velocity. The onboard computers continuously make adjustments to the rocket's trajectory to compensate for any deviations from the planned path.
Tracking systems: During the ascent phase, tracking systems such as radar, telemetry, and GPS are utilized to monitor the rocket's position and trajectory. Ground-based radar systems can provide precise tracking data, helping to ensure the rocket remains on course.
Debris avoidance: Space agencies and organizations actively track and catalog known space debris to minimize collision risks. They use ground-based radars and space-based sensors to detect and monitor debris. This information is fed into the launch trajectory planning process to avoid potential collision areas. If necessary, launch trajectories can be adjusted to steer clear of known debris regions.
Post-launch tracking: Once the satellite is deployed into its intended orbit, ground-based tracking stations continuously monitor its position and trajectory. This tracking allows for further refinement of the satellite's orbit and aids in maintaining safe distances from debris.
While these measures significantly reduce the risks associated with debris, it's important to note that space is vast, and not all debris can be tracked. Therefore, maintaining vigilance and implementing mitigation strategies like end-of-life disposal procedures are crucial to minimize the accumulation of additional debris in critical orbits.
Overall, a combination of careful planning, advanced guidance systems, tracking technologies, and debris avoidance strategies work together to ensure the accurate placement of satellites into orbit while mitigating the risks associated with space debris
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