For the 500+ piles i have supervised its constructions,we used the pile intergrity tests,a kind of sonic tests to find structural defects of the piles. I highly recommend it,for the tests.
Shinoda, M., Haya, H. and Murata, S., Nondestructive evaluation of railway bridge substructures by percussion test, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Scour and Erosion (CD-ROM), 2008.
This method is standard for railway structures in Japan.