The effectiveness and transparency of public institutions is of paramount importance, as these organizations are responsible for providing key services to citizens, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Furthermore, public institutions are often funded by taxpayers, meaning it is essential that they are held to a high standard of accountability. As such, governments must take steps to ensure that public institutions are both effective and transparent in order to promote good governance and trust in the state.
Citizen proximity is a good working concept; ICT can help to facilitate this process to bing citizens and institutions closer together. All this depends on the democracy level of the political entity, functioning open markets included here.
Decision making process formalised, documented and recorded. Then all records be made fully available to the public for discussion and scrutiny. Secrecy abounds in government organisations and secrecy indicates shady dealings contrary to the needs of the people who pay government wages.
Improve government effectiveness and transparency?
Fight corruption and publish data, information and decision processes...
Move the view of the government is high above the population to the government is serving its peoples needs...
I hope that view helps...