well it is known fact that a person with O blood group will have ant A,anti B and anti AB antibodies then how is it eligible for transfusing blood to other persons as antiserum could cause blood coagulation.
Blood groups, antigens and antibodies: Subjects with blood group A carry the A antigen on their red blood cells (RBCs) and have antibodies to antigen B; subjects with blood group B have the B antigen and anti-A antibodies, blood group AB carries both the A and B antigens and have no antibodies, and finally folks with group O have no antigens but both antibodies.
Blood groups and transfusion: Circulating antibodies in a person's blood will attack transfused RBCs from unmatching blood groups. These antibodies fix complement and cause rapid intravascular hemolysis, triggering an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction that can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, acute renal failure, and death (Dean, 2005). As people with blood group AB have no antibodies, they can receive all blood groups without issues. People with blood group O can only receive RBCs of blood group O, because they carry both antibodies. Blood group A can receive A and O, and blood group B can recive B and O. Hence, blood group O can be received by all other groups, and is therefore the universal donor.
Typically, literature on transfusion deals with the haplotyping the antigens of the donor RBCs. The question whether the antibodies in the donor's blood with blood group O would start attacking cells in recipient with blood group A, B and AB is, therefore, a very good question. And the answer is: yes, they will. Why then is O still the universal donor as they have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
First, whole blood is not used for "routine" blood transfusions (Torrens University Website). Instead, blood component therapy has largely replaced the use of whole blood (Patient.co.uk website). For routine transfusions, only the fraction containing packed red blood cells is transfused (Mayo Clinic website). Hence, in these cases, the blood plasma containing the antibodies is (virtually) removed after centrifugation. Since O-type red blood cells contain no antigens (Dean, 2005), and the plasma with the antibodies are not transfused, it can be donated to everyone, barred that the rhesus factor matches.
Secondly, even if plasma is transfused, antibodies in the donor's plasma are a minor problem, because of the small amount of antibody present in the donated plasma, which is further diluted on transfusion into the recipient's circulation (Dean, 2005).
In addition to Marie answer, you must consider that the transfusion reaction normally involves the anti-A/B antibodies in the plasma of the acceptor. These antibodies react with the donor' s erythrocytes. So, because of group 0 transfused erythrocytes had not A/B antigens....
Blood groups, antigens and antibodies: Subjects with blood group A carry the A antigen on their red blood cells (RBCs) and have antibodies to antigen B; subjects with blood group B have the B antigen and anti-A antibodies, blood group AB carries both the A and B antigens and have no antibodies, and finally folks with group O have no antigens but both antibodies.
Blood groups and transfusion: Circulating antibodies in a person's blood will attack transfused RBCs from unmatching blood groups. These antibodies fix complement and cause rapid intravascular hemolysis, triggering an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction that can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, acute renal failure, and death (Dean, 2005). As people with blood group AB have no antibodies, they can receive all blood groups without issues. People with blood group O can only receive RBCs of blood group O, because they carry both antibodies. Blood group A can receive A and O, and blood group B can recive B and O. Hence, blood group O can be received by all other groups, and is therefore the universal donor.
Typically, literature on transfusion deals with the haplotyping the antigens of the donor RBCs. The question whether the antibodies in the donor's blood with blood group O would start attacking cells in recipient with blood group A, B and AB is, therefore, a very good question. And the answer is: yes, they will. Why then is O still the universal donor as they have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
First, whole blood is not used for "routine" blood transfusions (Torrens University Website). Instead, blood component therapy has largely replaced the use of whole blood (Patient.co.uk website). For routine transfusions, only the fraction containing packed red blood cells is transfused (Mayo Clinic website). Hence, in these cases, the blood plasma containing the antibodies is (virtually) removed after centrifugation. Since O-type red blood cells contain no antigens (Dean, 2005), and the plasma with the antibodies are not transfused, it can be donated to everyone, barred that the rhesus factor matches.
Secondly, even if plasma is transfused, antibodies in the donor's plasma are a minor problem, because of the small amount of antibody present in the donated plasma, which is further diluted on transfusion into the recipient's circulation (Dean, 2005).
An overview and explanation of the ABO blood grouping system (Dean, 2005):
Hi,
It is known for routine transfusion that blood components are transferred according to recipient's need instead of whole blood. However, whole blood of the same blood group can still be transfused.
while transferring group O to A, B or AB still occurs, the titre of group O Abs is diluted by recipient's plasma to a level that is rarely can cause agglutination. Moreover, A and B Ags can be found on other cells in the body rather than RBCs which can cause neutralizing to group O Abs.
O RhD- individuals are compatible to all other blood groups due to their lack of rhesus protein, which is an antigen to other blood types. Technically O RhD- types are not a universal donor; as they could not opt to donate to RhNull individuals. RhNull would technically be the most compatible blood type in existence. In these RhNull and Rh- individuals rhesus protein is an antigen recognized by their body as evasive; causing an increase in antibody production and autoimmune reaction in lowering of red blood cells.
Good query, Actually there is no anti- AB- Antibody in plasma.
Transfusion is said to be safest if Donor's RBC could safely circulating in recipient.
Actually the volume of donor's plasma is proportionately very low as compared to recipient's plasma volume and thus the antibodies in donor's plasma are diluted and doesn't significantly provoke the transfusion reaction.
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