You might be able to use gel filtration/size exclusion chromatography with a large molecular weight range resin. The large quantum dots would elute first (assuming they are small enough to enter the column, and the low molecular weight substances would elute afterwards. The column could be reused many times if stored properly.
Centrifugation would also be an option, but you would have to be careful about whether pelleting the quantum dots would cause them to aggregate.
I understand your concern about the cost of dialysis tubing for purifying CQDs.
you can use following methods like
Precipitation: This method involves adding a precipitating agent to the carbon quantum dots solution. The agent will precipitate out the larger particles, leaving the smaller particles in solution. Although this method is simple and inexpensive, it can be difficult to control the size of the precipitate.
Centrifugation: A centrifuge is used to spin the solution of carbon quantum dots. Larger particles are forced to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, while smaller particles remain in solution. its best way to separate larger carbon particles.
And as suggested by Adam B Shapiro you can use chromatography to purify the carbon dots.
It also mainly depends on which type of application you are using the CDs.
Adam B Shapiro Thank you very much for your valuable response. I had the chromatography techniques in my mind, but due to the complexity and they consume a lot of time, I had second thoughts about giving it a try.
Binu Senanayake SEC is a powerful purification in my opinion. Although it is expensive compare to dialysis, I prefer SEC over dialysis and it works so well for my CQDs. In terms of time consumption, I don't think it takes more time compare to dialysis which takes 1-3 days depends on the sample for purification.