Dear Mr. Alshaghdari,

I can only give you a rather vague answer because of the lack of a more detailed data base as to the chemical composition and minerals on display. Some surface textures can be artificial, simply produced as you chipped the specimen or during sample preparation. Other morphologies are growth textures of XX (down left) with well expressed faces and edges (subhedral) or indicative of an amorphous prestage (?) down center).

H.G.Dill

I endorse the views of Dr. Dill. SEM only indicates the surface character of minerals. It would be better to first identify the minerals under petrographic microscope and picking up them to mount of the stub to scan under SEM.

Harald G. Dill

thanks

Dilip Kumar Pal

thanks

Harald G. Dill and Dilip Kumar Pal

please find attached info for sample no 1

I am not certainly the right person to give you an answer on your question. What it cough my attention was your way you start your message: "Hello gents", I do know at least 3 women that can give you a Master class on this, so please be more inclusive next time.

It is calcite with traces of quartz. Calcite on account of its perfect cleavage displays these faces, traces and edges.

I would like to draw your attention to the X morphology . You may use even this small X for morphological studies to constrain the physical-chemical environment

Victor Manuel Sepulveda sorry , you are right

Dear Mr. Alshaghdari,

don´t worry have a look at the cartoon of my "parable" entitled:

The origin of the Central European desert featuring a conspicuous expression of "moral values" a result of the anthropogenic climate change-From the pale figure to the red herring.

Kind regards

H.G.Dill

Dear Mohsin

Try to get the answer of your query from the experts working on SEM in universities like in UK, EU countries, Japan and USA. Further geotectonic group is the most relevant platform for the reply of your question.

Regards

Ijaz

Dear All,

I think the invitation to contribute a post beginning with "Hello gents" is not a discrimination at all or humiliating women. I am myself surrounded by three "tough women" and I think they would not frown but put an answer as punchy as they used to work. Moreover, it is not what you say but how you say it. In this case I do not see any bad behavior or act of discrimination behind all this wording by the initiator of that. Based upon my more than 40 years’ experience gathered in cooperating with and training young colleagues from Argentina to Zimbabwe I have seen a lot of women who performed perfectly well as geologists in the field and lab. And persons who first and foremost try and perform well and promote themselves they will also recognize and speak highly about the ability, skillfulness and performance of “Ladies in sciences”. This issue is rarely put to stage by strong women but by a group of people far off the "theater of operation" lacking everything what we are talking about here on RG (...from the pale figure to the red herring). For those who want to see my favorite people who we should anxiously take care about should have a look at my private webpages

http://www.hgeodill.de/teaching,-training-and-mentoring-young-colleagues.html

http://www.hgeodill.de/our-future.html

Even pictures can tell you how somebody thinks about an issue and I do not see any harmful doing inherent in this post. And I will do what I can to support those sharing my opinion about “Ladies in Sciences” even if they are still far from being a “fresh(wo)man” or might be called a younger colleague.

With kind regards H.G.Dill

Dear Dr. Hazra,

do you only read the last post or also previous ones ?

"It is calcite with traces of quartz. Calcite on account of its perfect cleavage displays these faces, traces and edges....

It does not seem it is !

Sincerely yours

H.G.Dill

Dear Dr Gill:

Thanks. I have gone through all the replies. Yes, I agree with your observations. I have thus deleted my previous reply.

I assume you are not needing responses from females!

Dear Dr. Horak,

I hope my excursion into the topic "Ladies in Sciences" deviating from the gist of this thread was not the Apple of Discord and might have sparked your contribution. It was certainly not my intention but rather building a bridge.

Kind regards

Harald G. Dill

Dear Mr. Alshaghdari

Hi

If you do some SEM-EDS analysis then it will be easier for you to interpret your features at least from the composition point and phase identification.

For linear, elongated and roundish feature you might think about biomineralization and presence of filaments.

Sincerely.

Mohammad.

Jana M. Horak

already said sorry before

thanks a lot Harald G. Dill actually it is not discrimination but i am not that strong in english to differentiate and select the right words. .

sorry all for that .

thanks for all

Dear Mr. Alshagdari,

by the way, it does not fall to me to blame anybody for the inappropriate use of a language or wording that could be misunderstood. Even in my mother tongue German it is sometimes a tightrope act to communicate as the term “discrimination” is widely used.

So do not worry about all that. Your wording is not harmful to anybody, in my opinion. Roughly translated from my language, I would call it a "sporty slogan on one´s lips".

With kind regards

H.G.Dill

Adding EDS Data to the SEM can as well assist you in the identification of the minerals.

Is there any one can help me to answer these comments:

1/More information need to be added in SEM image based on shape and figure prints

2/Please comment on the SEM result. What insight can be obtained from the micrographs? is the applied magnification suitable???

Figure:

Scanning electron micrographs showing structural changes of pretreated OrangePWP. (a) untreated OPWP (A and S). (b) Acid and steam explosion pretreatment of OPWP (A1 and S1).

DISCUSSION:

The micrographs showing the surface morphology of untreated and pretreated Orange peel waste (OPWP) are depicted in Figure 3. From Figure 3 (a), the surface of untreated OPWP A and S is irregular, rough and uneven. Also, the particle size and shape are different. Whereas Figure 3 (b), it has more irregular, rougher and more porous surface than the untreated OPWP. In addition, it has a swollen structure. (Borah et al. 2016) described that high pressure and temperature pretreatment causes lignin to fluidize and coalesce, resulting in a globular shape. Thus, the dilute acid sulfuric removes the hemicellulose and causes holes on the biomass surface as seen in Fig. 3 (b). (Saha et al. 2016; Yi et al. 2013) demonstrate that the dilute acid has major effect on cellulosic fibers by compromising the integrity of the cell wall of orange peel with release of sugar molecules.