Please see the following link

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718339202

Article Mechanistic understanding and holistic approach of phytoreme...

Bio sensers are well in practice for assessing the heavy metal pollution.

Hi Jaafar Raghad ,

I'm in agreement with Virendra Kumar Saxena for the use of biosensors. To give you a brief explanation, there can be a multitude of biosensors but they generally fall into a few categories.

Some emit light/fluorescence based on cell health and can be used to assess metal toxicity through a decrease in signal (the lux assay is quite common).

Others, such as those developed in the lab where I did my PhD take advantage of dedicated regulatory genes that encode detoxification strategies and couple their expression to luminescence/fluorescence. This helps assess how much of a given metal is entering the cell and interacting with the high affinity binding sites that exist on these regulators.

These can be used for a variety of metals, in oxic or anoxic conditions depending on the systems you employ and the conditions required to synthesize the fluorescent protein. These provided the distinct advantage of allowing you to assess how much metal actually gets into a cell, which is more informative from a physiological perspective and accounts for the difference in bioavailability of different inorganic and organic metal complexes. This can be especially relevant for assessing bioavailability over gradients of a given environmental conditions (ex: salinity).

I've included links to my colleagues Martin Pothier and Ben Stenzler papers here to consult. These are excellent starting points to familiarize yourself with the world of bioreporters used for metals:

Article Insights Into Arsenite and Arsenate Uptake Pathways Using a ...

Article Ionic Strength Differentially Affects the Bioavailability of...

Article An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

The latter link provides a visual representation of these experiments can be carried out.

I hope this helps! Please don't hesitate to contact me in this thread should you have any other questions.

The first question you should ask yourself is: what are heavy metals, in which heavy metals are you especially interested? It is impossible to cover the whole periodic system of the elements with one detection system.

TO SEARCH FOR HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL, MINERALIZATION MUST BE MADE. FINALLY READ ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Phytoextraction can be used to extract heavy metals from soil

Following