I would like to know what are the characteristic d-spacings and respective Miller indices for graphene, graphene oxide, reduced oxide graphene and graphite.
d spacing can be calculated by the Bragg's law:
λ =2dsin(Ɵ)
where λ is the wavelength of the X-ray beam , d(d spacing) is the distance between the adjacent sheets or layers,Ɵ is the diffraction angle.
A weak and broad diffraction peaks can be observed in the XRD patterns of graphene oxide .The increasing in d spacing of graphene oxide is due to the oxygen –containing functional groups intercalate in the interlayer of graphite which relates with sufficient exfoliation of graphite flakes.
The broader the graphene oxide peaks the higher are d spacing values. Characteristics like optical properties , dispersion, surface area,morphologyand conductivity may be change on changing of d s
d spacing can be calculated by the Bragg's law:
λ =2dsin(Ɵ)
where λ is the wavelength of the X-ray beam , d(d spacing) is the distance between the adjacent sheets or layers,Ɵ is the diffraction angle.
A weak and broad diffraction peaks can be observed in the XRD patterns of graphene oxide .The increasing in d spacing of graphene oxide is due to the oxygen –containing functional groups intercalate in the interlayer of graphite which relates with sufficient exfoliation of graphite flakes.
The broader the graphene oxide peaks the higher are d spacing values. Characteristics like optical properties , dispersion, surface area,morphologyand conductivity may be change on changing of d s
I need the d-spacing and (hkl) for STEM electron diffraction pattern indexing. Thank you for your answer. I know how to calculate d-spacing, but I also need the (hkl) values
ِPlease have a look at links.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_determine_the_hkl_index_with_the_XRD_result
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Miller_index_of_XRD_pattern_of_reduced_Graphene_Oxide_rGO
One can check the h k l values of any material from their corresponding data cords available on the software and you can get along with XRD data,
One can calculate the h k l values of any material with the help of formulas given in material book,
you can compare the 2-theta values observed in your experiment with the reported values
Dear Raluka;
The basal interlayers of the graphite and graphene oxide are estimated from the position of the d002 plane peak in the X-ray diffraction intensity profile using Bragg’s law. Please see the above links:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0528
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/30/9/096101
DOI: 10.3390/s16010103
For the Miller index (hkl) you can use XRD software like Xpert's High Score, Match software (Free online).
Best Regards
Dear Ijaz Ahmad Khan
Which software you prefer for hkl values determination
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