Dear Dr. Rohit Shanbhag,

there are different general models describing of the distribution of the tracer compound between the two phases (the precipitate and the solution). Among them: Doerner-Hoskins law and Berthelot-Nernst law are of general type. The derivation of the Doerner-Hoskins law assumes that there in no mass exchange between the interior of the precipitating crystals and the solution. When this assumption is fulfilled, then the content of the tracer in the crystal is non-uniform (the crystals are said to be heterogeneous). When the Berthelot-Nernst law applies, then the concentration of the tracer in the interior of the crystal is uniform (and the crystals are said to be homogeneous). This is the case when diffusion in the interior is possible (like in the liquids) or when the initial small crystals are allowed to recrystallize. Kinetic effects (like speed of crystallization and presence of mixing) play a role (Wikipedia Source).

For more detailed models, I suggest you to have a look at the following papers:

-A Multiparametric Model for the Industrialization of Co-Precipitation Synthesis of Nano-Commodities

Lilian Celeste Alarcón Segovia, Jorge Ivan Daza Agudelo, Romina Julieta Glisoni, Carlos Acha, María Mercedes De Zan, Ignacio Rintoul

Nanotechnology, 1;31(18):185604 (2020)

Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31995532/

-Influencing factors in the CO-precipitation process of superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles: A model based study

Christian Roth, Sebastian Patrick Schwaminger, Michael Schindler, Friedrich E. Wagner, Sonja Berensmeier

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 377 (2015)

Available on RG at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268527758_Influencing_factors_in_the_CO-precipitation_process_of_superparamagnetic_iron_oxide_nano_particles_A_model_based_study

-Comparison of sol-gel and co-precipitation methods on the structural properties and phase transformation of γ and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

Rajaeiyan, A., Bagheri-Mohagheghi, M.M.

Adv. Manuf. 1, 176–182 (2013)

Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-013-0018-1

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso

Please look at the following below links which may help you in your analysis:

http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2014/682985.pdf

Thanks

Hello, There are three main mechanisms of coprecipitation: inclusion, occlusion, and adsorption. An adsorbate is an impurity that is weakly bound (adsorbed) to the surface of the precipitate. Occlusion occurs when an adsorbed impurity gets physically trapped inside the crystal as it grows. See the link below that may be useful for you.

Good luck!

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/coprecipitation