Biochar is a stabilized, recalcitrant organic carbon compound, created when biomass is heated to temperatures usually between 300 and 1000°C, under low (preferably zero) oxygen concentrations. It is produced from a variety of biomass feedstock, such as agricultural residues, wood chips, manure, and municipal solid waste, through a variety of thermal treatments, among which slow pyrolysis is the most widely used due to its moderate operating conditions and optimization of biochar yields. Due to their unique properties (e.g., high specific surface area, microporosity, and sorptive capabilities). Primarily focused on the use of biochar as a soil amendment in agriculture.

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