Are you an expert on the topic or just here to make spam on researchgate. I assume DNA is not the topic which is taught in engineering. So, please stop making a mess here.
This space is for formulate questions not to show the competence one has, in any case the basic problem of gene regulation is that human dNA is a 2 metres long molecule collapsed in few micron space of the nucleus and if we do not want to adhere to magical thinking by considering the regulatory molecules as intelligent agents we need something different, see for example:
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11603
Article Spatial-Temporal Genome Regulation in Stress-Response and Ce...
Excuse my intrusion, but everything must be seen in a different light.
There may be all possible upstream regulation of translation, but once we have translation we have a protein, the operational biological object.
However, after translation, almost all native proteins disappear as such to transform into proteoforms, each with its specific function.
The proteoform is a different protein molecule, chemically modified by space-time events that we do not yet know well. These events give it specific functions and structure, very different from the protein identified as native, which in fact does not exist in the cell (except in the very rare cases in which it has no sites for PTM). These events occur at a time and place in a terribly crowded cell where our proteoform has a very limited space-time window (on average about an hour) to achieve its specific functional goal. If the window closes, proteolytic enzymes for the proteoform and its target come into play.
Without this information for each proteoform, we will continue to have a static and stereotyped view of the metabolic events whose molecular mechanisms, in fact, we do not yet know.
They are the proteoforms that operate in the cells, but if we continue not to characterize them we will only have distorted and unreal information of an extremely dynamic world.
Hi everyone.
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