Sarmad - academic writing follows a number of 'standard' conventions that witers are advised to follow routinely. They are mainly based around structure. The standard structure is an introduction that identifies the scene-setting context of the main topic and identifies the main objectives of the written piece. That then leads into the 'main body' of the article. The conclusion/summary - which further articulates, explores and expands on the introductory context throuhg a more critical appraisal of the existing literaure. This involves a critical integration of the literature to support observations and claims. This is through critical comparioson, debate, analysis and sythesis of the material - which should be logical and sequential as it progresses. The article should flow well and be well sign-posted with appropriate headings. The main things to avoid in the main body centre on 'pure description' i.e. just using cited literature to 'say what things are and what they do' without critical reflection. Under or over-citation add to this - as do other structural issues such as the over-use of direct quotation, bullet points, lists etc. The main body is followed by the concluding summary which is a critical evaluation of the main outcomes arising from the main text. You did mention proof-reading as well. It's imporatnt that the final 'touch' is an accurate proof-reading to avoid typos, grammatical errors etc.

this link might help you http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting

Sarmad - academic writing follows a number of 'standard' conventions that witers are advised to follow routinely. They are mainly based around structure. The standard structure is an introduction that identifies the scene-setting context of the main topic and identifies the main objectives of the written piece. That then leads into the 'main body' of the article. The conclusion/summary - which further articulates, explores and expands on the introductory context throuhg a more critical appraisal of the existing literaure. This involves a critical integration of the literature to support observations and claims. This is through critical comparioson, debate, analysis and sythesis of the material - which should be logical and sequential as it progresses. The article should flow well and be well sign-posted with appropriate headings. The main things to avoid in the main body centre on 'pure description' i.e. just using cited literature to 'say what things are and what they do' without critical reflection. Under or over-citation add to this - as do other structural issues such as the over-use of direct quotation, bullet points, lists etc. The main body is followed by the concluding summary which is a critical evaluation of the main outcomes arising from the main text. You did mention proof-reading as well. It's imporatnt that the final 'touch' is an accurate proof-reading to avoid typos, grammatical errors etc.

The following may be considered as major criteria in evaluating the 'Quality of Academic Writing':

• Relevance of Content
• Use of Source Material
• Organisation
• Cohesion & Coherence
• Language Accuracy
• Presentation & Mechanical Accuracy

Please refer to link for details:

https://kielikeskus.jyu.fi/opetus/englanti/international-students-and-masters-programmes/international-masters-programmes/general-assessment-criteria-for-academic-writing-assignments-in-international-masters-programmes

Regards

As far my idea, persons having in hand experience and also some publications in a field can only try to evaluate any research/review article of that field. It is a harsh comment, but it appears to me as right.

Thanks.

2 points. Proof reading for grammatical errors-1. there are free tools online for this. 2. Technical reading- from someone in the field-try RG request.See also points below.

Ten tips for proofreading

• Most importantly, make sure you have a good knowledge of punctuation and grammar before you try to proofread. Unless you know what is correct, you will be in no position to spot mistakes.
• Avoid distractions. Try to proofread in a quiet environment, with no disturbances such as phones, music, background chatter and so on.
• It can help if you read the piece out loud. This helps you to spot faulty sentence construction and bad grammar.
• Give yourself frequent breaks away from the job, whether it is printed or on screen. Only you know how long you can read before you start to lose concentration, so set yourself a fixed period of time, after which you take a break.
• Remember that you are not just proofing the words and punctuation. You also need to spot inconsistencies in style and formatting, such as headings that suddenly switch font size, or a change in the size or style of bullet points.
• Be methodical. Take one line at a time. Use a ruler to guide your eyes so that you don't inadvertently miss the odd line.
• You need to concentrate on reading one word at a time. This needs practice. When we read normally, we only skim over the words, fixing our eyes on maybe four words in one line. Most people can only accurately take in about six letters in one stare, so we are relying on our(not very accurate) peripheral vision to read the letters on either side of our stare.
• We need to make a conscious effort to stare at each word in turn. This isn't as slow as it sounds; it's just a different reading technique.
• If you are proofing your own work, leave a decent period of time between finishing the writing and proofing it. You'll spot more mistakes if you read it with a fresh approach, as if it were a document you had never seen before.
• Don't rely on proofreading on screen. You will pick up most mistakes this way, and it's easier to correct them, but there will be some you'll miss.
• Always do a final proofread of the hard copy.
• Always get someone else to do a final proofread of your own work - we tend to be blind to our own mistakes.

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This is really great advice Glen!! I know all these tips to be true, but struggle to follow this to the letter due to feeling time pressured a lot of the time. But I think slowing down to this task probaly speeds up the whole process for publication. b

Ten tips for proofreading (provided by Dr.Glen) - really these are useful to make a "writing" error free. But this will slow down the work as mentioned by Dr.Jane. Regards

1) Evidence-Based Arguments.

2) Precise and Complete Explanations.

3) Providing the basic parts of each paragraph:

• topic sentence

• controlling idea

• supporting sentences

• concluding sentence

4) Clarity of each paragraph by using clear, descriptive language. It helps the reader see accurately the thing the writer is describing.

A couple of points in the list might be skipped to speed up the process but in fact having a manuscript rejected because of poor proof reading can really slow down the process. So a little prevention instead of more cure later!

Many thanks dear colleges for these useful responses.

Best regards.

"from the perspective of the reader" - think about who your reader is and what value might your writing might be to them. Are your readers researchers who want lots of detail about the methods? Are they practitioners who are focused on using your findings? Is your reader assessing your writing for an academic award (such as a PhD)? Each reader will have a different viewpoint.

Each reader will have a different viewpoint (Remarks of Dr. Genevieve Ellen Becker) - Important point.

Thanks and regards

thank you for all

Dear Sarmad A. Jameel Altaie,

Good question.