Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae consider appropriate biological control agents , example: S. carpocapsae applied at the relatively low rate of 12.5 IJs/cm2 reduced black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) damage in Weld corn by more than 75%, which was as eVective as or more so than the chemical insecticides tested (Levine and Oloumi-Sadeghi, 1992).
Capinera, J.L., Pelissier, D., Menout, G.S., Epsky, N.D., 1988. Control of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with entomogenous nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 52, 427–435.
Georgis, R., Wojciech, W.F., Shetlar, D.J., 1989. Use of Steinernema feltiae in a bait for the control of black cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon) and tawny mole crickets (Scapteriscus vicinus). Fla. Entomol. 72, 203–204.
Shapiro, D.I., Obrycki, J.J., Lewis, L.C., Abbas, M., 1999. The eVects of fertilizers on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) suppression by Steinernema carpocapsae. J. Nematol. 31, 690–693.