Determination of Constant Effective Acceleration

The motion of photons is described using the equation for constant acceleration:

Δd = v₀Δt + (1/2)aᵉᶠᶠ(Δt)²

Where:

• Δd = Distance travelled by the photon (3 × 10⁸ m),
• v₀ = Initial velocity (0m/s at emission),
• Δt = Time interval (1 s),
• aᵉᶠᶠ = Effective acceleration to be determined.

Substituting the values:

3 × 10⁸ m = 0·1 s + (1/2)aᵉᶠᶠ(1)²

Solving for aᵉᶠᶠ:

aᵉᶠᶠ =  6 × 10⁸ m/s²

Effective Force Acting on Photons

The force experienced by photons arises from their effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ = −Mᵃᵖᵖ) and is given by:

Fₚₕₒₜₒₙ = −Mᵃᵖᵖ·aᵉᶠᶠ

Using the Extended Classical Mechanics force equation, F = (Mᴍ −Mᵃᵖᵖ)·aᵉᶠᶠ = Mᵉᶠᶠ·aᵉᶠᶠ, the terms simplify for photons, as the matter mass Mᴍ = 0,  and velocity v=c:

Fₚₕₒₜₒₙ = −Mᵉᶠᶠ·aᵉᶠᶠ

Antigravitational Implications

The negative apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ) results in a negative force, implying an antigravitational interaction. This force opposes the gravitational attraction and contributes to the constant speed of photons, consistent with their behaviour in gravitational fields.

Conclusion

Within the framework of Extended Classical Mechanics, the interaction of electromagnetic waves, such as photons, with gravitational fields reveals:

1. A constant effective acceleration aᵉᶠᶠ = 6 × 10⁸ m/s²

2. A negative force Fₚₕₒₜₒₙ = −Mᵉᶠᶠ·aᵉᶠᶠ, signifying an antigravitational effect.

This antigravitational force is a direct consequence of the negative apparent mass of photons, offering a deeper understanding of their motion and interaction in gravitational environments.