You might find the book "The Hydrogen Society …more than just a Vision?" by Arno A. Evers, so useful as you are interested in Hydrogen.

Also check:

www.hydrogeit-verlag.de

www.hydrogenambassadors.com

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/723/5/052018

I think this discussion would benefit from a a more precise framing of the question.

Efficiency is generally thought of as "(desired) output" divided by "resource that go in". But what resources (land, raw materials, electricity)?

Now consider H2: There are different ways to produce it, mainly from coal, from natural gas (the most common; it has been suggested to store the associated CO2 emissions underground, e.g. carbon capture and storage, CCS) and from electrolysis (where the current used has certain CO2 emissions).

And there are different uses, just some examples:

• chemical industry
• steel production (replacing coke as a reduction agent)
• fuel cells
• fuel in combustion engines (aircraft, ships, cars, but also gas turbines used to generate electricity, for example to compensate for fluctuating electricity generation from renewables)
• as a first step along the path to generate synthetic hydrocarbon fuels

All of these paths have different efficiencies and use different resources. So do competing paths. And in some cases there are alternatives. The chemical industry can't do without H2, the automotive sector has battery electric vehicles a more efficient alternative.

For example, synthetic fuels are very inefficient when you look at the whole use chain. But they are easier to store and transport than electricity, have higher power density. And more efficient than bio-fuels, because photovoltaics is order of magnitudes more efficient than photosynthesis...

To summarize: of course there are plenty of documents in the scientific literature. Hydrogen engines being developed today are close to diesel in terms of tank-to-wheel efficiency, as are diesel engines powered by bio- or synthetic fuels. But that is not really the question, is it?

Thank you Dr Leick. That's quite informative. I would like to know details about the performance of Green Hydrogen and Hydrogen from Biomass, using calorific value, HHV, LHV, and economics as indicators compared to fossil fuel

Dear Perminder Jit Kaur , here's a recent review of the efficiency of e-fuels generated from electricity, Article Potential and risks of hydrogen-based e-fuels in climate cha...

Regarding performance comparisons, I'm not sure I understand the question. Heating values of Hydrogen are well known and do not depend on the H2 source (provided we neglect the impurities; a "selling point" of the H2 engine is that unlike the fuel cell it is quite tolerant to impurities).

Hydrogen from biomass is discussed in this paper (the journal might also be a very good source for you), Article Life cycle sustainability assessment of hydrogen from biomas...

I hope this helps!

Best regards,

Philippe

Thanks Dr. Philippe Leick, That was indeed quite insightful.

Please have a look on my New Formula of the Mechanical engines brake work:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352221791_The_Modeling_of_the_Alternative_Mechanical_Engines_the_mathematical_brake_work_and_the_mechanical_definition_of_the_availability