Mangrove sponges live in association with a diverse microbial (mostly bacteria) communities. These bacterial communities also have their own secondary metabolites. I am asking for opinions on how to separate the sponge and these bacterial communities so I could extract the bioactive metabolites solely from the mangrove sponges and subject them to antimicrobial assay.
The majority of the species produce secondary metabolites, many of which are toxic to plants, animals and humans. The metabolites which are produced from these species are Fumonisins, Zearalenone and Trichothecenes and they show their bioactivity on mycotoxins. The diversity of biochemical properties has been demonstrated by the continued discovery of novel compounds that have pharmacological properties . From the literature it suggested that various useful products like Fusaric Acid was produced from the Fusarium Species .Compounds 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2,4-dibromo-phenoxy)-phenol , 4,5,6-tribromo-2-(2,4-dibromo-phenoxy)-phenol , 3,5-dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromo-phenoxy)-phenol from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa, Aaptamine (16, known compound), Demethylaaptamine (17, known compound). sponge Aaptos suberitoides, Slagenin D1 and D2, Slagenin E , Oroidin, Dihydrooroidin, Cyclooroidin, Keramidine sponge Agelas nemoecinata, 7-(2,4-dibromo-1,6-dihydroxy-3- methoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl) -8- imino-propionic acid , Eurotium clevalieri, 3.7.1. 2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-4-methy-phenoxy)-4-methyl-benzoic, acid (25, known compound)…, 3.7.2. 2-hydroxy-6-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenoxy)-4-methyl-bensoic acid methyl ester.
Isolate the microorganisms, grow them in the culture. Do extraction and test the activity of the activity. If it shows good bioactivity, then only proceed with the purification, I think.
Thank you Ravi Kant Upadhyay and Tong Woei Yenn. Sir Tong Woei Yenn, any thoughts/ideas on how to free the sponge from any microorganisms?
You can remove the epiphytes by immersion in sterilant such as sodium hypochloride or ethanol.
Mince the sponges with blender and take a piece of minced sponge and place over the marine agar plate and observe any microbial growth after 24-48 hrs. If any colonies observed, lyophilize the minced sponges for 1-2weeks and do the same above said process for bacterial isolation. If no bacterial colonies observed then you can extract the sponges with different solvents for sec metabolites extraction. This is the best way you can remove both epi and endozoic bacteria from the sponges.
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