Is the stress throughout the thickness of the shell element the same?
I learned that transverse shear stresses are accounted for in SHELL181 but I also read that stresses in shells along the thickness are assumed to be constant in linear analysis.
Constant through thickness stresses is assumed in classical laminate theory. However ANSYS uses method developed for doubly curved laminates to calculate transverse shear stresses in ShELL181 elements. Moreover, ANSYS offer a method for computing transverse normal stresses in shell model.
You can refer to ANSYS Composite PrePost User Guide for the equations.
ANSYS calculates a stress level for each layer of your shell element (depends on element type tion => see the keyopt(8) for your element type). If you have only one layer (common use), the default option is to store the three values : top, bottom, and middle.
If you use the command SHELL,TOP (default) before your PLNSOL or PLESOL command, we will have a contour plot with the top and bottom values (you don't have the same values on each side of your elements il you have a membrane stress effect). With a SHELL,MID, you will see the stress on the neutral fiber of your shell element, with the same value on the both sides.
If you use the Workbench version, these options are avaliaible interactively.