Adding salt to water increases its surface tension, and as water evaporates, the mass of the salt dissolved in the water does not change. Let's break down these two aspects:
Effect of Salt on Surface Tension:Adding Salt Increases Surface Tension: Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that arises due to the cohesive forces between its molecules. When you add a solute like salt to water, it disrupts some of these cohesive forces, reducing the surface tension. Therefore, adding salt to water typically decreases surface tension.
Change in Mass of Dissolved Salt During Evaporation:No Change in Mass of Dissolved Salt: When water evaporates, it transitions from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, leaving behind any dissolved solutes such as salt. The mass of the dissolved salt remains constant as long as you don't add or remove more salt from the solution. In other words, as water evaporates, the concentration of the dissolved salt in the remaining liquid increases, but the total mass of the salt in the solution does not change.
Keep in mind that the effect of salt on surface tension is relatively small in typical concentrations used for everyday purposes. Surface tension is more noticeably affected by factors like temperature, contamination, and the presence of surfactants or detergents.
The surface tension of water is increased when salt is added to it. Although the strong interactions between sodium cations and partial negative oxygen, and chloride anions and partial positive hydrogens disrupt some hydrogen bonding between water molecules, they actually strengthen the surface tension of water. The surface tension of the liquid increases after we add salt to the water and surface tension arises due to the cohesive nature of a liquid which resists an external force on the liquid surface. Water molecules pull the sodium and chloride ions apart, breaking the ionic bond that held them together. After the salt compounds are pulled apart, the sodium and chloride atoms are surrounded by water molecules, as this diagram shows. Once this happens, the salt is dissolved, resulting in a homogeneous solution. As temperature decreases, surface tension increases. Conversely, as surface tension decreases strong; as molecules become more active with an increase in temperature becoming zero at its boiling point and vanishing at critical temperature. However, the surface tension of water can be broken by adding certain substances such as detergents. Soaps and detergents are useful for cleaning because when they break water's surface tension, they are able to spread out onto dirty surfaces and soak into laundry, breaking up dirt and oil. As for the why, it's simple mass conservation. If all the water evaporates then you get 5g of salt as salt does not evaporate. When seawater evaporates, water is removed, salt remains, and relatively salty water is left behind. This relatively salty water can float at the surface; as, in the tropics it floats because is it so warm and buoyant. So if you allow water to evaporate inside a sealed container, the container with the water and the water vapor will have the same mass before, during, and after evaporation. This rule applies to any change of state in a closed system.When salt is added to water, the surface tension of the liquid rises. Although some hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken by the strong interactions between sodium cations and partial negative oxygen and chloride anions and partial positive hydrogens, they actually increase the surface tension of water. The surface tension of water is increased when salt is added to it. Although the strong interactions between sodium cations and partial negative oxygen, and chloride anions and partial positive hydrogens disrupt some hydrogen bonding between water molecules, they actually strengthen the surface tension of water.